摘要
由于过量开采地下水或矿山大降深排水,引起Ⅲ水动力带内天然流场的巨大变化,这种人为因素才是产生大面积塌陷的机理。在均匀状巨厚灰岩水动力剖面上存在四个水动力带,其中Ⅲ与Ⅳ带的水动力特征不同,两者之间存在“双层水位”关系。国内已有少数矿山排水疏干放在Ⅳ带,能起到疏干效益,所形成的降落漏斗对Ⅲ带的天然流场不发生太大影响,也就不致引起塌陷。
Excessive pumping of groundwater or mine draining can result a great chang of the natual flow field in the third dynamic zone. This artificial factor is the main cause of large area collapse. The pheatic errossion, vacuous dracuous drawing action and air explosion consist of the necessary processes in the formation of collapse. Four hydradynamic characters in the Ⅲ zone are different from that in the Ⅳ zone and these two zones have their respective water level. The drainage of water in the Ⅳ zone in a few mines of China not unly leads to its realization, has no great influence on the natural flow field in the Ⅲ hydradynamic zone, but also avoids the collapse of land.
关键词
水动力作用
塌陷机理
潜蚀
吸蚀
hydrodynamic action, collapse mechanism, pheatic errossion, vacuous drawing action, air explosion