摘要
以盆栽２年生苹果、杏、桃和葡萄为试材，研究了水分逆境对果树水分关系的形响及差异。从正常灌水（田间持水量８０％）所测定的萎蔫点相对合水量（ＲＷＣｐ）、萎蔫点水势（ψｗｐ）和总体原初渗透压（ψｚ０）判断， ４种果树抗旱性的顺序是：杏、桃＞苹果＞葡萄。干旱下测定的 ３种参量所反映的结果与上述一致。４种果树正常灌水处理弹性大小的顺序是：苹果＞杏＞葡萄＞桃，最大体积弹性模量（Ｅｖ０）分别是：３８．７、４４．９、５１．７、５５．６ＭＰａ。干旱条件下使苹果、杏弹性变差，葡萄、桃弹性增大。Ｅｖ０分别是：７１．７６、９０．６７、５４．０８和４０．４８ＭＰａ，说明ＣＫ弹性好坏不能反映对长期干旱的适应性。弹性系数与膨压（ψｐ）成显著直线正相关，说明弹性越好（Ｅｖ０越小），维持ψｐ能力越强，有利于气孔开张、维持光合。Ｅｖ０小者（苹果、杏）， Ｅｖ０随ＲＷＣ降低而缓慢降低，细胞伸缩范围大。 水分协迫下，苹果、各具有明显的渗透调节作用，苹果ψｗｐ和ψｚ０分别比ＣＫ下降０．５和０．４ＭＰａ，杏分别下降 ０． ６１和 ０． ５９ＭＰａ，葡萄只具有微弱的渗透调节能力，ψｗｐ和ψｚ０分别下降 ０． １６和 ０． １３ＭＰａ，桃无渗透调节能力。多一位处理使?
Effects of water stress on water relations in fruit trees were studied with two-yr-old potted younglings of four spotes. Judged from the papameters including the relative water content (RWCP) and the wa- ter potential of wilting point (ψwp). and total initial osmotic potential (ψs0), determined under normal irrigation (CK), the cider of drought telerance was apricot > pooh> apple >grapevine. which was consistent with that under the drought treatments. The order of the elastic property of CK was apple>apricot>grapevine>peach, with 38. 7,44. 9, 51. 7 and 55. 6MPa maximum bulk volumetric elastic modulus (Ev0). respectivelyl. Under drought treatments the elastic property for apple and apricot decreased, and for grapevine and peach increased, with Ev0 at 71. 76. 90. 67, 54. 08 and 40. 48MPa, respectively, showing that the elastic property of CK could not reflect the adaptation to drought for a long time. Elastic modulus has a significantly positive correlation with pressure potential, suggesting that the better the elastic property (the less the Ev0), the stronger the ability for maintaining ψp, which is useful for stomata to open and for photosynthesis to be maintained.
出处
《落叶果树》
北大核心
1993年第1期1-8,共8页
Deciduous Fruits
关键词
果树
水分
生理学
fruit tree: leaf water potential, turgor pressure, osmotic potential, relative content, elastic modulus.
