摘要
彝语被动句在各方言间有不同的表现形式。大体可分为屈折形式和分析形式两大类。屈折形式是通过动词、代词本调变次高调表示主动态,本调表示被动态来体现。次高调在凉山彝语中多数情况下属于临时变调,不区别词汇意义,但在上述语法关系中它却具有语法意义。分析形式一种是通过语序表达主动句和被动句,即主语和宾语通过变换位置来体现主动句和被动句的对立形式。但部分方言如凉山彝语被动句型只有O+S+VP一种而没有与之对应的主动句型S+O+VP。一种是通过一些被动标志词来体现主动句和被动句的关系,彝语各方言间被动句及其标志词和位置也不一样。有关彝语被动标志词的形式和来源问题,从其句中位置和功能来看,它可能来源于彝语使动范畴分析形式的前缀词素。
There are different passive voice patterns in the dialects of Yi language which can be classified into two categories, the inflectional and the analytic. The former is realized by means of the tone change of verb and pronoun. The latter has two analytic means. One is based on constituent order, and the other is based on the mark words for passive voice. The author holds that the causative prefix is the origin of the mark words.
出处
《语言研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2004年第3期119-126,共8页
Studies in Language and Linguistics
关键词
被动句式
变调
标志词
passive voice pattern
tone change
mark words
