摘要
中西文化的差异首先表现在对于"天(宇宙世界)"之本质的认识及其表象系统截然不同。其次,西方基于对宇宙本质的思考建构的"原子式自我",在中国找不到对应的表现;相反,正如有的学者所认识到的,中国建构的是"关系性自我"。再次,从根本上说,西方的"天"与人是彼此独立、相互对立的二元关系;而中国文化始终没有建立基于实体论之真理观和原子论之自我观的天人二元关系,主张万有皆"气",气化流行,鸢飞鱼跃,将天人联结为息息相通的生命整体。其四,"诗学"在西方常常被赋予介于哲学(关注普遍真理)与历史(记录个别史实)之间的位置,这个学科定位由亚里士多德奠定基础,但在整个西方文化中被广泛接受了;而构成中国文化的诸多要素,不管是作为"文类"的"六经",还是作为"元素"的"五行",抑或作为"德目"的"五常",等等,都不像西方那样追求界分明确,而是浑然一体、互相交叠,很难予以现代知识论的清晰对应,六经都是"文学"、都是"史学"、都是"哲学"。倘若以现代知识系统来重整古代诗学传统,就需要对其中的诗学因素及其蕴含演变做出清楚的甄别与辨析。因此,要建构中西比较诗学的方法论,首先应该在掌握中西文化之源发性差异的基础上,找出中西诗学在中西各自知识构架中的纽结点与关键问题,明其知识定位以及性质与功能,再结合具体诗学问题的特定语境及阶段性特征细致辨析、系统归纳。
Cultural differences between the Western countries and China firstly lie in different interpretation of the essence of'Tian(universe;world)'and its representational system.On the essence of the universe,the Westerners built an'atomic self',and no Chinese equivalent can be found.Conversely,Chinese built'self in relationship'.Furthermore,'Tian'and human beings are independent of and opposite to each other in the West,while Chinese culture has not yet established a binary relation of'Tian and human beings'based on the truth concepts of substantialism and self concepts of atomism.The Chinese hold that everything has'Qi(energy)',which connects'Tian'and human beings.In the West the concept'poetics'was positioned between philosophy and history,and the location of this discipline originated from Aristotle and was widely accepted.The elements making up Chinese culture,like Six Classics(The book of Songs,Shang Shu,Li Jing,The Book of Changes,Yue Jing,and The Spring and Autumn Annals,or Five Elements(metal,wood,water,fire,and earth),are not clearly distinct but interwoven with each other.Accordingly,the elements are difficult to be equivalent to modern scientific knowledge.The paper advocates that the element of poetics and the evolution of its connotation should be clearly identified.On the one hand,the key issues of knowledge framework between the Western poetics and Chinese poetics should be comprehended;on the other hand,the characteristics,essence and function of poetics should be analyzed with combination of specific poetic issues.
出处
《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第3期83-92,共10页
Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
中西文化差异
诗学的本性
诗学的“知识”定位
比较诗学方法论
cultural differences between the Western countries and China,essence of poetics,position of poetics,methodology of comparative p
