摘要
意大利是一个建立了现代农业的发达资本主义国家。但长期以来工业发展缓慢,农业机械化步伐不大,因此,农业劳动力在全国就业结构中比重很高。意大利现代农业的建立和农业劳动力向非农部门的大规模转移,主要是在第二次世界大战以后。战后30年:农业劳动力转移的黄金时代农业劳动力向非农业部门的转移同工业化进程是同步的。工业化进程越迅速,农业劳动力的转移规模就越大,而且两者又相互制约。意大利虽然有着悠久的历史,但它实现国家统一很晚,工业革命迟缓。
Following the rapid large-scale industrialization in the postwar years, great numbers of agricultural workforce have been shifted into non-agricultural sectors. As the promotor during this process, the Italian government has on the one hand stepped up the modernization of agriculture, and on the other hand created more jobs in non-agricultural sectors, thus paving the way for the shift of agriculral labour force. Co-operatives of various kinds in the Italian countryside have also provided a new outlet for this shift. In addition, another characteristic of this shift is flow of workforce into other countries. Since the 1970s, newly emerging industries have become the main channels for absorbing redundant workforce from agriculture. The large-scale shift of agricultural workforce over the postwar 30 years and more, has brought about farreaching impact on Italy's economy by raising the productivity of agriculture, promoting agricultural modernization, helping stabilize the prices of farm produce and by creating favourable conditions for the economic growth.
出处
《欧洲研究》
1988年第4期35-40,52+64,共8页
Chinese Journal of European Studies
