摘要
从70年代初期以来,我国优秀少年田径运动员大量涌现,与此同时,优秀成年田径运动员却仍然严重缺乏,形成了我国田径运动中一个奇怪的矛盾现象.通过对在1972年和1973年进入全国少年田径运动会前6名的241运动员的调查,结果表明:这些少年运动员存在运动寿命短,成年后达高水平人数少,个人最高成绩出现早,保持高水平时间短,伤病严重的状况,出现明显的"早衰"现象.从运动训练安排方面进行分析,认为产生这种"早衰"的主要原因是,初期训练阶段片面专项化而造成的全面身体训练不足,训练基础薄弱.究其根源主要是指导思想有问题,训练理论和竞赛制度不完善,以及缺乏全面评价少年训练质量的标准等.
Since the early 1970s a great quantity of outstanding youth athletes have appeared, however the shortage of high performance adult athletes has not been improved, which formed a contradictory phenomenon in Chinese track and field events. This study is intended to analyze the reasons for this phenomenon by investigating 241 former outstanding youth athletes who entered the top six at the National Youth Track and Field Tournaments in 1972 and 1973. The result demonstrates that these athletes, in general, had a short spotting career; very few reached high performances in their adult stage; performance peaks appeared earlier and were kept only for a short period; and serious injuries. The main reason for their earliel quit is the one-sided specialization at their early training, which did not build up a sound foundation for their future development. This improper sport planning is related to some problems of basic training ideas, theories, competition system and evaluating standards of youth athletes. Some suggestions are proposed to deal with the problems.
出处
《北京体育大学学报》
CSSCI
1991年第2期21-27,115,共8页
Journal of Beijing Sport University
