摘要
汉字是表意文字,形体是根据意义来构造的.汉字构意是指造字者在原初造字时的主观意图.汉字中的义符,既有自身造字时的构造意图,又在与其他构件的组合中体现其构意特点.我们称前者为基础构意,后者为组合构意.构意特征就是义符在组合构意中所体现的一系列构意取象和特点.构意特征的描写和提取,离不开对组构字实义的分析,即义符出现的构字环境,又可称为构意分布.文章以《说文解字》“宀”部字为例,主要讨论义符构意分布和构意特征的相关问题.总结出“宀”在组合构意时,体现出房屋、房屋功能(居住、容纳、覆盖)、房屋特点(安定、宽广)等构意特征.这些特征和造字思维密切相关,更是我们在分析义符构意时需要不断深入展开的问题.
Chinese characters which are a kind of ideograph form their graphic forms on the basis of semantic meanings.The conformation meanings of Chinese char acters refer tO the creators’subjective intention that graphic forms reflect.The picto—graphic symbols of Chinese characters reflect not only the creators’subj ective inten—tion when Chinese characters are created,but also the features of conformation mean—ings when the pictographic symbols are combined with others.The former is called basic conformation meaning,the later is called combinational conformation meaning.The features of conformation meanings refer to absorbing images and characteristics that pictographic symbols reflect when they are combined with others.It is impossible tO describe or extract the features of conformation meanings unless we analyze the se mantic meanings of scripts which refer to the bac bols form the graphic forms,or the distribution kg of round in which pictographic sym—the conformation meanings.This paper takes the radicals Mian(^)in Shuowen Jiezi as an example to discuss the prob—lems about the distribution and the features of conformation meanings of pictographic symbols.This paper summarizes the features of conformation meanings of Mian(山),such as house。the functions of house(1ivin tures of house(peaceful and broad).These gf,accommodating and covering)and the fea—eatures which we should continue studying step by step closely relate with the word—making thoughts.
关键词
构意特征
基础构意
组合构意
the features of conformation meanings
basic conformation meaning
combinational conformation meaning
