摘要
元代文献中出现的术剌阿塔思是一种特殊的马.朮剌又译住剌、着力牙等,是蒙古语(j)oriya>(j)orā ((j)urā)的音译,突厥语作yorga.此种马匹要经过专人特殊训练,行走方式特殊,又称为“对侧步马”、“蹿行马”,是不可多得的良马,故比普通马要昂贵很多.训练这种马匹的人称为拙里牙赤((j)oriya(c)i).元廷在各地驿站中配备这种马匹提供给重要使臣使用.但是诸王等人的使臣、番僧等人却倚仗权势越级挑选和滥用蹿行马,甚至殴打站户,严重影响了驿站秩序.在屡禁不止的情况下,元廷无奈,下令驿站不得蓄养蹿行马.这也折射出元廷对诸投下管理乏术的一个社会问题.
"Zhula atasi 术刺阿塔思" refers to a special type of horse in Yuan documents. Zhu-su 术速 was indeed a wrong record of Zhula 住刺/术刺. Zhula or Zhuoliya着力牙 are the transliterations of the Mongolian word joriya>jorā(jurā),whose Turkic form is * yorga. These horses were trained by specialists and could walk in special ways. Thus they were also called "Amble Horses" or "Pace Horses". This kind of thoroughbred horses were much expensive than ordinary horses. Persons who were responsible for training these horses were called joriyaci. The Yuan court equipped post stations with these horses for important emissaries to use them. But emissaries of princes and Tibetan Monks often abused the system, using these Pace Horses intentionally without authorization. They even beat staffs of the postal stations and seriously violated the order of the postal system. Failed in stopping these violations, the Yuan court ordered postal stations to give up raising these horses. By examining the horse of "jora atasi",we can find a serious social problem of the Yuan that the Yuan court was incapable of administrating the various princely fiefdoms.
出处
《元史及民族与边疆研究集刊》
CSSCI
2017年第2期201-208,共8页
Studies on the Mongol-Yuan and China's Bordering Area
基金
中国博士后科学基金资助项目《元代汉文史料中蒙古语之审音勘同问题》(2013M540216
2014T70236)的部分成果
关键词
主剌阿塔思
蹿行马
拙里牙赤
驿站
Zhula atasi
pace horses
joriyaci
postal stations
