摘要
漢語史研究的語料首重口語性.一篇語料的口語性高低,如何科學地加以描述?這是一個困擾漢語史學界的瓶頸問題.通過詞彙的語體分析(語法同理),可以把判斷依據從語感提升爲量化數據.本文試以一篇五代公文爲例,用分級詞表和個案討論相結合的方式,對其中的詞彙進行窮盡性的語體分析,旨在爲如何分析漢語史上詞彙的語體差異做一點探索.文章認爲:詞彙的語體差異不是絶對的,而是富有彈性的,不少詞具有跨級的特點;人們寫文章遣詞造句,對詞彙的語體差異也具有一定的包容性,允許某種程度的"語體錯配",衹要不超過"度".
Colloquialism is the most valued feature to the corpus for the research of the diachronic studies of Chinese.There is a bottleneck which bothers the academia that how to describe the degree of colloquialism of a given text scientifically.Register analysis of lexicons(as well as grammar)was adopted for the advantage of changing the language sense based judgement into quantitative data based.The aim of this article was to explore how to analyze the differences in registers of lexicons in the history of Chinese by taking an official document of the Five Dynasties as an example.Exhaustive register analysis was applied to the sample text based on graded word lists and case studies.The results of this investigation show that the register differences among lexicons are not absolute,but rather flexible,with the fact that many words adapt to more than one register grade.Register differences among lexicons and“mismatching”between words and registers are to some extent tolerated when wording and phrasing,as long as within the optional grades.
出处
《汉语史学报》
2022年第1期44-80,共37页
Journal of Chinese Language History
基金
國家社科基金重大項目“漢語詞彙通史”(14ZDB093)
“大語言視域中漢語修辭與詞彙、語法互動研究”(20&ZD298)
教育部重點研究基地重大項目“漢語基本詞彙歷時演變研究”(16JJD740015)的階段性成果
关键词
詞彙
語體差異
分級
五代公文
漢語詞彙史
lexicon
differences of registers
grades
an official document of the five dynasties
chinese historical lexicology
