摘要
国际卫生法基于19世纪中叶至20世纪中叶的国际卫生合作机制发展而来。由于世界卫生组织早期立法实践不足,导致国际卫生法发展进程较缓慢。依据《世界卫生组织组织法》第19条和第21条,世界卫生组织通过了《国际卫生条例》和《世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约》。这两个条约代表了世界卫生组织在"传染病国际防控"和"烟草控制"两个领域的国际法权威地位。两类条约均规定了缔约国的法律义务。其中,《国际卫生条例》规定的缔约国法律义务限于"国际关注的突发公共卫生事件"相关。"世界卫生大会"和"缔约方会议"是条约实施保障机构。为保障条约的遵守,实施保障机构通过审查缔约国报告和设立的独立监督咨询委员会对条约履行进行追踪。作为全球公共卫生的中心机构,世界卫生组织需加快条约立法进程和解决条约实施机制的"空心化"问题。
Based on international cooperation on health issues,the history of international health law could be traced between nineteenth and twentieth century.International health law has been evolved slowly because of negligence from the World Health Organization(WHO).In pursuant of Article 19 and 20 of"WHO Constitution",WHO passed"International Health Regulation,IHL"and"the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control,FCTC",which both entrust WHO as the core authority and provides states’legal obligations.Specifically,State parties shall fulfil obligations under"Public Health Emergency of International Concern".As two monitors of treaty implementation,"World Health Assembly"and"Conference of Parties"will trace treaty’s progress through reviewing parties’reports and its affiliated independent Oversight and Advisory Committee.As public authority in global health,WHO should accelerate international treaty law-making and resolve with"hollowness"happened in its implementation mechanism.
出处
《国际法学刊》
2020年第3期39-56,156-157,共20页
Journal of International Law
