摘要
基于身体活动的社会生态模型,探讨成年人锻炼的心理动力因素剖面,及剖面与锻炼阶段和锻炼量的关系,为构建针对特定人群的干预奠定基础。研究采用横断调查设计,通过网络问卷,测量了618名城市成年人的锻炼动机、锻炼自我效能、身体活动乐趣、锻炼社会支持、锻炼阶段及锻炼量。潜在剖面分析发现,5个剖面的解拟合最优,5个剖面分别为:剖面1:高自主—高内摄—高乐趣剖面;剖面2:中等自主—中等乐趣剖面;剖面3:无动机—无乐趣—无支持剖面;剖面4:高控制—高自主—高效能—高支持剖面;剖面5:中等控制—低自主—中等效能—中等支持剖面。卡方独立性检验发现,不同剖面与锻炼阶段间相关显著(χ^(2)(16)=154.43,P<0.001),剖面1和剖面4与锻炼保持阶段有关,剖面3与缺乏锻炼意向有关;贝叶斯单因素方差分析表明,不同剖面处于行动和保持阶段的中到大强度锻炼量存在差异(BF_(10)=7.26×10^(6)),剖面1和剖面4的中到大强度锻炼量高于其他剖面。高自主—高内摄—高乐趣剖面和高控制—高自主—高效能—高支持剖面是锻炼的适应性心理动力模式;无动机—无乐趣—无支持剖面是锻炼的非适应性心理动力模式,应针对此类人群的特点制定有针对性的干预策略。
Based on social ecological model of physical activity,this study aims to explore psycho-dynamic profiles underlying exercise of adults and their relationships with exercise stages and the amount of exercise,laying a foundation for constructing group-based intervention.Employing a cross sectional survey,the study measured exercise motivations,self-efficacy,enjoyment and social support for exercise of a sample of 618 Chinese urban adults through an online questionnaire.Results of latent profile analysis show that a solution with five psychodynamic profiles is favored.The profiles include:high autonomy--high introjection motivations--high enjoyment profile(profile 1),moderate autonomy--moderate enjoyment profile(profile 2),no motivation--no enjoyment--no social support profile(profile 3),high control--high autonomy--high self-efficacy--high social support profile(profile 4),moderate control--low autonomy--moderate self-efficacy--moderate social support(profile 5).The Chi-square test of independence finds that there is a significant correlation between the profiles and stages of exercise significantly(χ^(2)(16)=154.43,p<.001).Both profile 1 and profile 4 are related to the maintenance stage of regular exercise.However,profile 3 is related the precontemplation stage of exercise.Bayesian one-way ANOVA suggests there is a difference in the amount of moderate-to high-intensity exercise in the action and maintenance stages of regular exercise of different profiles(BF_(10)=7.26*10^(6)).Both profile 1 and profile 4 engage in more moderate-to high-intensity exercise than other profiles.The high autonomy--high introjection--high enjoyment profile(profile 1)and the high control--high autonomy--high self-efficacy--high social support profile(profile 4)are deemed as adaptive psycho-dynamic pattern for exercise;the no motivation--no enjoyment--no social support profile(profile 3)is non-adaptive psycho-dynamic pattern for exercise,and targeted intervention strategies should be employed according to the group’s characteristics.
作者
郭璐
毛志雄
GUO Lu;MAO ZhiXiong(School of Psychology,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《北京体育大学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第3期110-120,共11页
Journal of Beijing Sport University
基金
国家重点研发计划项目“人体运动促进健康个性化精准指导方案关键技术研究”课题(项目编号:2018YFC2000603)
关键词
社会生态模型
锻炼动机
锻炼自我效能
身体活动乐趣
锻炼社会支持
social ecological model
exercise motivation
self-efficacy for exercise
enjoyment in physical activity
social support for exercise
