摘要
尽管2023年修正的《立法法》仅赋予最高人民法院对涉案规范提起合宪性审查的要求权,但地方法院在裁判中同样会涉及对个案规范合宪性争议的审查与处理问题,此即为合宪性预审。合宪性预审旨在解决个案规范的合宪性争议,其功能在于选择和适用正确的法律,维护法治统一。所有能作为个案裁判适用依据或权利主张依据的规范性文件均属于法院合宪性预审的对象范围,但应以争议条款框定合宪性预审的对象。合宪性预审具有合宪性审查属性,其在审查效果上并非一律提请有权机关处理,地方各级法院只有在穷尽一切保全规则仍然无法解决个案规范的合宪问题时,才可以中止案件审理,层报上级法院提请审查。在程序构造方面,应设置合宪性预审案件的识别程序、审查程序、提请程序和反馈程序。同时,应构建当事人提请审查要求的救济机制和法院与法律规范制定主体的沟通反馈机制,完善合宪性预审权的监督制约机制。
Although the Legislative Law amended in 2023 only grants the Supreme People's Court the right to request constitutional review of the norms involved,local courts will also involve the review and handling of disputes over the constitutionality of individual norms in their judgments,which is called constitutional pre-trial review.The purpose of pre-trial of constitutionality is to solve the dispute of constitutionality of individual case norm,and its function is to select and apply the power law,and to maintain the unity of rule of law.All the normative documents that can be used as the basis of case-by-case decision or claim are the object of the constitutional pre-trial,but the object of the constitutional pre-trial should be defined by the dispute clause.The Constitutional review nature of pre-trial constitutionality is such that it is not always brought to the attention of the competent authorities in terms of the review effect.Local courts at all levels can only resolve the constitutionality issue of the case norm if they have exhausted all preservation rules and still can not resolve the case norm,only then may suspend the case trial,the layer report higher court to request the examination.In the procedure construction,we should set up the identification procedure,examination procedure,request procedure and feedback procedure of the constitutionality pre-trial case.At the same time,we should construct the relief mechanism and the feedback mechanism between the court and the legal norm-maker,and perfect the supervision and restriction mechanism of the constitutionality pretrial power.
出处
《荆楚法学》
2023年第6期105-119,共15页
Jingchu Law Review
基金
2022年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“人民法院依宪说理的功能定位与规则建构研究”(项目批准号:22YJC820004)的阶段性成果
关键词
地方法院
个案规范
合宪性争议
合宪性预审
Local Court
Judgment Norms for Individual Cases
Constitutional Disputes
Constitutional Pre-review Power
