摘要
法人共同犯罪中相关责任人的罪与罚问题,牵涉四对关系,即法人与作为其成员的相关责任人之间的关系,同一法人内部相关责任人之间的关系,此法人中的相关责任人与彼法人的关系,不同法人中相关责任人之间的关系。这四对关系均可构成共同犯罪关系。在刑罚的适用上,法人、相关责任人与普通自然人犯罪在定罪标准上应坚持平等原则,在刑罚的裁量上则可体现区别对待。相关责任人的罪数认定,应和普通自然人犯罪适用相同的并罚规则,即按照异种数罪并罚而同种数罪不并罚的规则处理。为实现罚当其罪,应根据相关责任人在法人共同犯罪的地位和作用区分主从犯。相关责任人的刑事责任分配,应采取由外而内的“两次分担法”,“第一次分担”系依据各共同犯罪人在法人共同犯罪中的作用大小或地位高低区分主、从犯,“第二次分担”则对法人共同犯罪中法人主体内部的相关责任人员的责任大小在本单位内部再进行比较区分。退赔被害人的责任应以其实际参与的犯罪数额为基础和其他共同犯罪人承担连带责任,犯罪所得退缴责任则应以其实际犯罪所得为限。
On the crime and punishment of the relevant responsible person in the corporate joint crime,involving four pairs of relations,namely the legal person and as a member of the relationship between the relevant responsible persons,the same corporate internal relationship between those responsible,the legal person of relevant independent legal person,the relationship between different legal person in the relationship between the relevant responsible persons.These four pairs of relationships can constitute a joint criminal relationship.In the application of punishment,the legal person,the responsible person and the ordinary natural person should adhere to the principle of equality in the standard of conviction,and can reflect different treatment in the discretion of punishment.In the determination of the number of crimes committed by the relevant responsible person,the same rules of combined punishment should be applied to the crimes committed by an ordinary natural person,that is,the rules of combined punishment for different types of crimes and non-combined punishment for the same types of crimes should be applied.In order to realize the adaptation of culpability,the principal and subordinate criminals should be distinguished according to the status and role of the responsible person in the joint crime.The distribution of criminal responsibilities of the relevant responsible persons shall adopt the"two sharing method"from the outside to the inside.The"first sharing,is to distinguish between the principal and the subordinate according to the role or status of each joint offender in the joint crime of the legal person.The"Second sharing"will make a comparative distinction between the responsibility of the relevant responsible persons within the legal person’s main body in the joint crime of the legal person within the unit.The responsibility of returning and compensating the victim should be based on the actual amount of the crime he participates in and other joint criminals bear joint liability,while the responsibil
作者
曾粤兴
陈艳飞
ZENG Yuexing;CHEN Yanfei
出处
《刑法论丛》
2021年第2期75-105,共31页
Criminal Law Review
关键词
法人共同犯罪
相关责任人
定罪量刑标准
并罚规则
责任分配
Corporate Joint Crime
The Person in Charge
Criteria for Conviction and Sentencing
Rules of Combined Punishment
Responsibility Distribution
