摘要
罗马共和时期产生了一种新的诉讼形式:程式诉讼。它在古代罗马国家的法律创制,尤其在私法的发展中发挥着独特作用。在某种意义上,它也决定了罗马私法的特点。程式诉讼形式在裁判官、承审员、当事人、律师与法学家之间产生了一种共生的司法机制。当事人产生纠纷后,须先取得裁判官颁发的程式,并就法律争议点与案件事实达成一致意见,才能将案件诉至承审员;承审员需按程式规定,就案件法律争议点与事实范围进行审理。伴随着法律增多与诉讼复杂,代理他人诉讼的法律职业出现,法学产生。围绕程式诉讼却又不具备法律知识的人们要向具备法律知识的法学家请教,而免费提供法律知识却不参与诉讼活动的法学家,通过古希腊的哲学方法,主要是辩证法与论题术,将其运用于法律研习之中。法学家凝练了法律概念,促进了法律向论题化、条理化方向发展,形成了体系化的法学知识。因此,罗马私法的成就很大程度上要拜共和时期这一共生司法机制之功。
A new formulae emerged during the Roman Republic:formulae.It played a unique role in the legal creation of ancient Roman countries,especially in the development of private law.In a certain sense,the formulae also determines the characteristics of Roman private law.Due to the formulae,a symbiotic judicial mechanism has emerged among praetor,iudex,parties,lawyers and jurists.The parties involved in the dispute must first obtain the formula issued by the praetor and reach an agreement on the legal topics and the facts of the case before that can be sued to the iudex.The iudex shall hear the legal topics and the scope of the facts in accordance with the formula.With the increase of laws and the complexity of litigation,the legal profession of representing others in litigation appears,and jurisprudence comes into being.People who do not have legal knowledge about the formulae should consult with jurists who have legal knowledge,the jurists who provide legal knowledge for free but do not participate in specific litigation apply ancient Greek philosophical methods,mainly dialectics and topics,to the legal study.They condensed the legal concepts,promoted the development of law in the direction of topic and organization,and finally formed a systematic legal knowledge.Therefore,the achievement of Roman private law owes much to the symbiotic judicial mechanism of the Republican period.
作者
苏彦新
Su Yanxin(Institute of Social Science,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)
出处
《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期63-69,共7页
Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）
基金
上海市哲学社科项目“中世纪古典教会法研究”(2018ZJX001)阶段性成果
关键词
罗马共和
程式
司法机制
Roman Republic
formulae
judicial mechanism
