摘要
本文對"鑒於"虚詞用法(介詞和連詞)的確立年代和形成過程作出進一步調查。調查發現:(i)"鑒於"到20世紀三四十年代仍然具有動詞屬性。其虚詞用法是40年代末期以後才逐漸確立的,主要經歷了兩個重要的演變階段:從主語之後提到句首,"因(爲)"和"鑒於"共現格式消失。(ii)"鑒於"提到句首的動因,受日語等外語影響的可能不大,應是受"關於""基於""對於"等同類形式的類推而逐步形成的。施爲主語和施爲動詞隱去是推動"鑒於"語法化的重要語境。這是用法塑造語法的典型案例。(iii)"鑒於"的介詞用法和連詞用法有先後之分,介詞在先,連詞在後,但並非既有研究認爲的元代和清代。其確立年代晚到40年代末期以後。連詞用法是在介詞用法的拉動下形成的。
This paper is aimed at investigating the formation and evolution of the functional word jianyu‘considering’.It is found that:(i)Up till the 1930 sand 1940 s,jianyu still exhibited verbal properties.Its was used as a functional word gradually after the late1940 s,mainly through two important stages:firstly moving from post-subject position to the beginning of the sentence,and then the disappearance of the co-occurrence of yin(wei)‘because’and jianyu.(ii)The moving of jianyuto the beginning of a sentence was not motivated by the influences from foreign languages such as Japanese.Rather,it is most possiblly motivated by the analogy of similar forms such as guanyu‘with regard to’,jiyu‘based on’and duiyu‘for’,whilst the grammaticalization of jianyu was driven by the crucial context of the omitting of performative verbs and their subjects,which is a typical case of"usage shapes grammar".(iii)The prepositional function of jianyu predates its conjunctional usage,and the two usages were not established in Yuan Dynasty and Qing Dynasty as previously claimed respectively,but were established in the late 1940 s.Moreover,its conjunctional usage was driven by the prepositional usage.
作者
史文磊
谷雨
Shi Wenlei;Gu Yu
出处
《汉语史学报》
2020年第1期109-127,共19页
Journal of Chinese Language History
基金
國家社會科學基金重大項目“漢語詞彙通史”(14ZDB093)
國家社會科學基金青年項目“語法化中的語法性及相關問題研究”(14CCY034)
教育部重點研究基地重大項目“漢語基本詞彙歷史演變研究”(16JJD740015)
关键词
“鑒於”
介詞
連詞
語法化
語言接觸
類推
施爲主語
jianyu‘considering’
preposition
conjunction
grammaticalization
language contact
analogy
performative subjects
