摘要
对战死者进行“慰灵”和“显彰”,是日军实施精神动员、建构集体记忆的重要举措。抗战时期,日军在中国沦陷区建有“忠灵塔”“表忠碑”“护国神社”等诸多慰灵和显彰设施,其中在南京菊花台所建相关设施具有代表性。这里除了有“显彰”日军第10军战绩的表忠碑和特定战死者的纪念碑,还有埋葬中国抗战将士的坟墓。两种对立的记忆载体共存于同一空间,是一种借用佛教“怨亲平等”思想实现日本目标的设计。它既可激励日军将士为军国主义效命,又可贬低中国抗战、彰显自身的“文明”,还能掩盖日军的侵略罪行,具有极强的欺骗性和虚伪性。
Consolation and sanctification of those fallen dead in war was an important measure for the Japanese army to enforce spiritual mobilization and construct collective memory.During chinese people's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the Japanese army built many facilities for consolation and manifestation in the occupied areas of China,such as Chureito pagodas,Hyouchuhi monuments and Gokoku shrines,among which the facilities built at Juhuatai(Chrysanthemum Terrace)in Nanjing were representative.At Juhuatai,besides monuments meant to honor the loyalty of the Japanese 10th Army and specific dead Japanese soldiers,there were also tombs for Chinese soldiers who had fought against Japanese invaders.The coexistence of two completely opposing memory representations in the same space was a kind of design to realize Japan's strategic goals by borrowing from the Buddhist idea of“equally treating enemies and relatives”.It could not only inspire Japanese soldiers to stay devoted to militarism,but also belittle China's resistance against Japan's aggression and show off its own“civilization”.It is an attempt to cover up the disaster brought by the brutal Japanese invasion to the Chinese people.In a word,it was highly deceptive and hypocritical.
作者
谢任
Xie Ren(School of Marxism,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023)
出处
《军事历史研究》
CSSCI
2022年第6期62-69,共8页
Military History Research
关键词
日军
慰灵
显彰
南京菊花台
表忠碑
Japanese invading troops in China
consolation
sanctification
Juhuatai(Chrysanthemum Terrace)in Nanjing
Hyouchuhi monuments
