摘要
在《认知不正义》一书中,米兰达·弗里克首创性地提出了一套德性证言理论,该理论认为我们日常中对他人证言可信度把握是一种感官式、直接的、非推论式样判断,这类证言判断的来源是基于一种后天培养所得的能力,即证言感知能力。该理论的提出不仅能够有效调和日常证言知识信念接收的非反思性与批判性这两种看似矛盾的特性,使得证言知识理论不再只是局限在还原论与反还原论的争论,同时也拓展了传统德性知识理论对于认知德性的理解,进一步推动了当代知识论研究的实践转向;并对诸如证言不正义、故意忽视等认知不公现象的诊断与改善提供了重要理论依据。
In her work,Miranda Fricker developed a virtue theory of testimony to explain the transmission of knowledge through testimony.According to this theory,we all have a perceptual-like testimonial sensibility learned through social training.This sensibility allows us to perceive interlocutor’s credibility through a non-inferential,direct,yet critical way.Fricker’s theory enables us to explain why testimonial knowledge is usually both unreflective and critical and broadens our understanding of the concept“intellectual virtue”which is the footing stone in today’s virtue epistemology.More than that,this theory provides us with a theoretical perspective to examine the injustice in our epistemic life,such as testimonial injustice and willful hermeneutical ignorance,which promotes the practical turn in contemporary epistemological research.
作者
余靖东
YU Jing-Dong(Department of Philosophy,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430000,China)
出处
《科学技术哲学研究》
北大核心
2023年第4期43-49,共7页
Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology
关键词
证言知识
德性知识论
证言感知力
testimonial knowledge
virtue epistemology
testimonial sensibility
