摘要
随着中国经济从高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段,实现高质量充分就业逐渐成为经济发展优先目标,宏观调控关联就业指标的必要性也日益凸显。完备的就业监测体系是促进就业和优化宏观调控的前提。本文基于对发达国家经验的分析和比较,讨论了中国就业监测体系建设的重点领域,以及宏观调控机制的改革方向。本文认为,中国需进一步完善全国劳动力调查制度,建立包含农村劳动力和乡城流动劳动力利用信息的全国调查失业率,并补充劳动参与率、就业总人数等指标;统计部门应将现有劳动工资统计报表制度发展为更加综合、频次更高的单位调查,定期发布非农就业人数、岗位空缺数和平均工资水平;此外还要对发布的数据进行季节调整,加强微观数据和技术文件公开。依托就业监测体系,中国应逐步引入“就业锚”机制,使就业指标成为宏观调控的重要瞄准目标,从而实现稳就业、稳预期、惠民生。
As China,s economy enters the stage of high-quality development from the high-speed growth stage,promoting high-quality full employment is becoming the top priority,and associating macroeconomic control with employment is gaining urgency and importance.Therefore,a fully featured employment monitoring system needs to be established.Based on a comparative analysis of developed countries,practice,this paper discusses four important points on construction of China,s employment monitoring system and reforms of macroeconomic control.First,the system of National Labor Force Survey is supposed to be augmented.The national unemployment rate needs to be erected,in which rural and migrant labors,employment information is well incorporated.Some other indicators,including labor force participation rate and total employment,should be introduced from the survey.Second,the Labor Wage Statistical Reporting System might be transformed into a more comprehensive and institutionalized establishment survey.In this way the government can publicize data on nonfarm payrolls,vacancies and average wage regularly.Third,the statistics bureaus should make seasonal adjustments to major employment indicators and release more micro data and technical documents.Finally,with the help of employment monitoring system,China should attach an employment anchor to macroeconomic control,thereby stabilizing employment and expectations.
作者
张翕
Zhang Xi(Institute of Population and Labor Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;Center for Human Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
出处
《劳动经济研究》
2023年第4期118-143,共26页
Studies in Labor Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金专项项目(项目批准号:72141310)的资助
关键词
就业监测
宏观调控
就业锚
国际比较
employment monitoring
macroeconomic regulation
employment anchor
international comparison
