摘要
"大/小+名(为称说方便,下文有时记作大/小X)"组合分为两类:分化组合和强化组合。"大/小X"在强化构词时可以出现在两种情况中,序列名词和非序列名词。序列名词是以民族经验为基础的自然义场聚合,序列顶端名词倾向于构成"大X"组合,序列底端名词倾向于构成"小X"组合,组合之后,语义不变。当"X"是类名,且其内部成员有大小之分时,"大/小X"既可以是强化构词,又可以是分化构词。前者表示类名,后者表示类下的部分成员。在非序列名词中,"大/小X"构词常基于人们对"X"属性的认识。
The word formation of"Da(大)/Xiao(小)+noun"(for the sake of brevity,it is denoted as"Da(大)/Xiao(小)X"in this paper)is divided into two types,including Differentiated Formation and Strengthen Formation.In Strengthen Formation there are two cases where"Da(大)/Xiao(小)X"can form new words,containing Sequence Noun and non-Sequence Noun.Based on the experience of nationality,Sequence Noun appears paradigmatic relation that is concerned about the semantics of natural things,called Nature Semantic Field in this paper.The nouns tend to the combination"Da(大)X"at the top of sequence,and tend to"Xiao(小)X"at the end of sequence.Once the new words form,the meanings of new words have no distinction with the nouns.When the nouns is a kind of category and there is difference about size in it,"Da(大)/Xiao(小)X"belongs to both Strengthen Formation and Differentiated Formation.The former indicates the name of category,the latter means the members of category.In non-Sequence Noun,"Da(大)/Xiao(小)X"always form words according to the characters of"X"in cognition.
关键词
大/小+名
构词
自然义场
“Da(大)/Xiao(小)X”
word formation
nature semantic field
