摘要
虽然民法典正式确立不违背公序良俗的民族习惯在全国范围内具有规范价值,但已被民族自治地方自治法规认可为规范的民族习惯却因民法典对有关法律的废止成为无源之水,且“公序良俗”的判断依赖民族自治地方对“良俗”的认定,自治法规仍有必要对民族习惯明示态度。肯定认可的首要目的在于通过列举区域尊重的民族习惯,正面规定最低的良俗标准,细化民族习惯的补充适用情形,指引可以援用的民族习惯;还在于明确可以替代民法典规定的民族习惯,以及属于民法典法定情形应予尊重的民族习惯,以提升民法典的实施效果。不予认可则是为了向社会宣示民族自治地方改革风俗习惯的决定,引导人们遵守法律法规,反面确定公序良俗的判断标准,并排除替代适用和援用适用。这两种“认可”的最终目的均是为了有效发挥自治法规应有的“区域自治”功能和“中华民族伟大复兴”功能。
It is generally accepted that ethnic customs actually adjust and regulate personal and property relations in ethnic autonomous areas in China.Because of an increase of ethnic interaction and integration,there also seem to be increasing opportunities for the role of ethnic customs.The Civil Code responds to social concerns,respect all the customs formed by the people of all ethnic groups over the long course of their respective histories and past experiences(such as local habits,transaction patterns,and other habitual practices),and clarifies the respect for customs and the supplementary status of customs in civil judicial matters.Ethnic customs are also customs,and according to the provisions of the Civil Code,when ethnic customs do not violate public order they can be considered as good customs and should be respected and can be supplemented and applied in judicial judgments.The supplementary application principle established by the Civil Code formally establishes the normative value of ethnic customs that do not violate public order and as a result are deemed good customs nationwide.Regional self-rule in ethnic autonomous areas is a means and measure to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.The formulation of self-governing regulations by ethnic autonomous areas is no longer just to realize“regional autonomy”,but also aims to safeguard human rights and interests and promote the development and order of various ethnic minority settlements,ultimately intending to enhance a sense of community for the Chinese nation and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.In conclusion,in the era of the Civil Code,the recognition of ethnic customs by autonomous regulations in ethnic autonomous areas should pursue the following values:Enhance the implementation effect of the Civil Code in ethnic autonomous areas,guarantee the regional autonomy function of autonomous regulations in ethnic autonomous areas,and strengthen the sense of community for the Chinese nation in ethnic autonomous areas.Regula
作者
汪燕
Wang Yan(Law School,Hubei Minzu University,Enshi,445000,Hubei,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期86-95,144,共11页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“国家建设视域下民族区域自治的理论原理、实践经验与现实挑战”(17ZAD150)阶段性成果
关键词
民法典
自治法规
民族习惯
认可
the Civil Code
autonomous regulations
ethnic customs
limited recognition
