摘要
2020年长江流域遭遇新中国成立以来仅次于1954年和1998年的流域性大洪水,下游南京站于7月21日出现超历史最高水位,较1954年和1998年的最高水位分别高出0.17 m和0.25 m,超警戒水位持续长达50天,防洪形势极为严峻。根据长江下游大通至徐六泾河段的水文观测资料,结合已有对于长江上游与中游洪水发展过程的研究成果,详细分析了南京“7.21”超历史高水位形成和消落的全过程,揭示了超历史高水位的主要原因。结果表明,流域强降雨过程、上中下游干支流频繁的洪水遭遇是南京站高水位形成的核心因素,下游潮水位偏高、城市排涝显著增强等对南京站高水位的形成也有一定促进作用,上中游水库群拦洪削峰是控制南京站未超保证水位的关键。
The Yangtze River Basin was hit by a basin wide flood in 2020.The Nanjing Station exceeded the highest water level in history on July 21,0.17 m and 0.25 m higher than the highest water levels in 1954 and 1998 respectively.The water level exceeded the warning level for 50 days,and the flood control situation was extremely severe.Based on the hydrological observation data of the reach from Datong to Xuliujing in the Lower Yangtze River,and combined with the existing research results on the flood development processes in the upper and the middle Yangtze River,this paper expounds the formation and decline process of the"7.21"ultra historical high water level in Nanjing.The results show that the processes of heavy rainfall in the basin and the frequent flood processes in the trunk and tributaries of the upper and middle reaches were the main factors to form of high water level at the Nanjing Station,and the high tide level in the lower reaches and the significant enhancement of urban drainage also play a role in promoting the formation of high water level at the Nanjing Station.Flood blocking and peak cutting of reservoirs in the upper and middle reaches are the keys to control the guaranteed water level at Nanjing Station.
作者
罗龙洪
朱玲玲
凌哲
毕宏伟
LUO Long-hong;ZHU Ling-ling;LING Zhe;BI Hong-wei(Jiangsu Provincial Water Conservancy Planning Office,Nanjing 210029,China;Bureau of Hydrology,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China)
出处
《泥沙研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期54-60,共7页
Journal of Sediment Research
基金
江苏省水利科技项目(2020001)
长江水科学研究联合基金项目(U2240224)
关键词
洪水过程
长江下游
超历史高水位
高潮位
flood processes
Lower Yangtze River
ultra historical high water level
high tide level
