摘要
在承继先民使用惯例的基础上,两宋理学家在使用"巧贼拙德"及其相关、相近话语时,对其内涵进行了转换。周敦颐《拙赋》从体、用、文三个层面,对"巧""拙"这一对范畴进行了界定。北宋理学"五子"门人及其后学,继承了其理学前辈的"巧贼拙德"思想,而从本体论、价值论、目的论、工夫论等方面,对"巧贼拙德"话语进行了深入开拓。胡寅、张栻等湖湘学者在性理层面上论证了"巧贼拙德"的合理性,提升了其在理学体系中的价值与地位。朱熹、吕祖谦、陆九渊及其后学,在理学工夫论、价值论及诗文批评标准等多方面丰富和发展了"巧贼拙德"的义蕴及功用性。两宋理学家对于"巧贼拙德"的多方探讨,对彼时理学家及受其影响的文人的诗歌书写等产生了影响,亦在一定程度上影响到后世理学、诗学、书法、绘画等多个文化部类的历史发展进程。
The proposition Qiao Zei Zhuo De(exquisite skill signifies craftiness while simplicity represents virtue)was proposed before the Song Dynasty.On the basis of its early usage,the Neo-Confucianists in the Song Dynasty gave new meanings to the claim and relevant propositions.In Zhuo Fu(Ode to Simplicity),Zhou Dunyi gave an explicit definition of Qiao(exquisite skill)and Zhuo(simplicity/clumsiness).Those thoughts were reflected both in Neo-Confucianists’poems and the works of other literati under their influence.To a certain degree,they also affected the development of Neo-Confucianism,poetics,penmanship,painting and other artistic forms in later ages.
出处
《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期100-110,204,共12页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
教育部重大招标课题“中国诗词语言艺术原理及其历史生成机制研究”(18JZD021)