摘要
在欧洲人权法院的判例中,其并不总是下令排除侵犯《欧洲人权公约》权利而获得的所有证据。欧洲人权法院将排除证据的分析划分为三道门槛:第一是确定证据的取得侵犯了公约权利;第二是该行为违反了公正审判的要求;第三则是排除证据作为程序性救济的一种形式。在具体实践中,证据禁止隐含了两种要求:第一,禁止通过侵犯《公约》权利的手段获取证据;第二,禁止在审判中使用影响诉讼公正的证据。由于并非所有侵犯《公约》权利所获证据都会影响诉讼程序的公正性,所以需要在具体案件中对审判公正与其他利益之间进行权衡。在违反《公约》第3条的案件中,欧洲人权法院倾向于认为使用这种证据将会影响诉讼程序的公正性,从而无须与其他保障措施进行权衡。在违反《公约》第6条的案件中,欧洲人权法院倾向于以整体的方式进行权衡,即把审判作为一个整体来看待。当《公约》第8条的权利受到侵犯时,如果罪行足够严重,即使证据对审判的最终结果具有不可否认的影响,程序保障缺位所导致的问题也将得到纠正。
In the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights,it has not always ordered the exclusion of all evidence obtained for violation of Covention rights.The Court divides the analysis of whether to exclude evidence into three thresholds.The first threshold refers to the determination of the violation of a Convention right;the second one refers to the violation of fair trial;and the third one to the exclusion of the evidence as a form of procedural reparation.In practice,the prohibition of evidence implies two requirements:firstly,the prohibition to obtain evidence through means that violate Convention rights,and secondly,the prohibition to use in trial evidence which affects the fairness of the proceedings.Since not all evidence obtained in violation of Convention rights affects the fairness of the proceedings,fair trial needs to be weighed against other interests in specific cases.In cases of violation of art.3 of the Convention,the Court has tended to hold that the use of such evidence would affect the fairness of the proceedings and need not be weighed against other safeguards.In cases of violations of art.6 of the Convention,the Court has tended to weigh in a holistic manner,that is,to look at the trial as a whole.When the rights under art.8 of the Convention are violated,the problems caused by the absence of procedural safeguards will be corrected if the crime is serious enough,even if the evidence has an undeniable influence on the final outcome of the trial.
作者
张嘉源(译)
Ana Maria Torres Chedraui;Zhang Jiayuan
出处
《人权研究（辑刊）》
2023年第1期423-452,468-469,共32页
Journal of Human Rights
关键词
侵犯人权
欧洲人权法院
证据排除
公正审判
利益权衡
Violation of a Convention Right
European Court of Human Rights
Exclusion of Evidence
Fair Trial
Balance the Interests
