摘要
儒学思想源于宗法社会,每个人上至君王下至民众无不处在宗族关系中,担负某种角色。因此造成一种普遍的观点认为儒学没有关注个体及其价值。另外一个因素就是"西方哲学"阐释儒学的有效性受到质疑,认为将西方哲学的一些范畴——个体、主体、自我——运用到儒学上是过度阐释。这不仅限制了我们对传统儒学的理解,而且还限制了儒学的现代转型。哲学的每一次重大转型无不是回到诞生的地方重新出发,因此本文尝试从《论语》文本出发阐述其蕴含的个体思想,在此基础上构建个体儒学。个体儒学是指建立在生存论个体之上的现代儒学形态,生存个体即学之为修己,仁以为己仁,"志于道、据于德、依于仁、游于艺"的自我主体,成己然后成人、成物。与之相对是随波逐流的"乡愿"、"终身由之而不知其道"的民众。后者正是儒家竭力批判的。
Confucianism originated from patriarchal society.Everyone,from the king to the people,was in the clan relationship and plays a certain role.Therefore,there was a general view that Confucianism didn’t pay attention to the individual and its value.In addition,many scholars questioned the validity of the interpretation of Confucianism by Western philosophy,believing that some categories of Western philosophy(such as individual,subject,self)were over-interpreted when applied to Confucianism.These factors not only limited our understanding of traditional Confucianism,but also limited the modern transformation of Confucianism.Every major transformation of philosophy was to go back to its birthplace and started afresh.This paper tried to elaborate the individual thought in The Analects of Confucius and constructed the individual Confucianism.Individual Confucianism referred to the modern Confucian form based on the existentialist individual.The existential individual was the self-subject of"learning for self-cultivation","benevolence for self-benevolence","seek for wisdom;hold fast to godliness;live a moral life;and enjoy the pleasures derived from the pursuit of the polite arts",and then becoming himself and then adults and creatures.On the contrary,they were the people who drifted along with the tide and who didn’t know their way for life.The latter was strongly criticized by Confucianism.
出处
《思想与文化》
2019年第2期203-214,共12页
Thought & Culture
关键词
孔子
克尔凯郭尔
生存
个体儒学
自我
主体
Confucius
Kierkegaard
Existence
Individual Confucianism
self
subject
