摘要
冷战初期,美国出于宣传其文化与价值观的需要,启动了包含国际留学生教育的交流计划。70年代以降,美国政府在保持这一战略方针的基础上,将国际留学生教育视为一种可以出口的商业服务。大批留学生的到来不仅缓解了美国中小学和高等教育中的生源不足问题,而且还在50年代初被视为美国吸引外来科技人才的重要目标。在多重用意之下,美国不但成为全球接受国际留学生人数最多的国家,而且是接收留学生移民最多的国家。然而,国际留学生的到来引起了美国政治和教育精英的关切,认为国际留学生对本土学生的深造产生了排挤效应,他们就业后又引起了美国科技劳工收入的下降,并从多方位对美国的国家安全构成了威胁。同时,国际留学生移民美国后引发的“人才流失”问题也成为国际学界讨论的焦点。这表明美国的国际留学生教育背后,深藏着诸多值得深思和研究的历史与现实问题。
In the early period of the Cold War,the U.S.initiated exchange programs for international students so as to export the U.S.culture and values.Since the 1970s,the continuity of such policy was enriched with a new vision that turned international student education as part of the U.S.export industry,which led to subsequent international competition.The influx of international students not only relieved the shortage of students in Amerian schools and institutions of higher education,but also were regarded as a new source for skilled workers in the U.S.labor market.With the establishment of multi-purpose policies to attract international students,the U.S.has become a global destination,not only for the largest number of international students,but also for most numerous highly educated immigrants graduated from the U.S.universities.Whether as students or immigrants,their presence in the U.S.raised serious concern among political and intellectual elites,who argued that international students had taken away the opportunities of native students for further education,reduced salaries of native professional workers,and threatened the U.S.national security.The brain drain issue,as a result of international students immigrating into the U.S.,has also become the focus of debate in international communities.All these show that many questions underlying the U.S.education of international students deserve serious academic thinking and further studies.
作者
梁茂信
任慈
Liang Maoxin;Ren Ci
出处
《史学月刊》
北大核心
2023年第9期83-100,共18页
Journal of Historical Science
基金
2019年度国家社会科学重大专项基金资助课题之阶段性成果。
关键词
美国
教育交流
国际留学生
国际竞争
人才吸引
国家安全
The U.S.
Educational Exchange
International Students
International Competition
Attracting Talent
National Security
