摘要
清代传本《说文解字》“牛部”有:“牛,大牲也。牛,件也。件,事理也。”其中,“牛,大牲也”,从词义角度理解,确如段注所云,同“马,怒也,武也”“羊,祥也”一样,所释是许慎时代文化语境下的文化义。但是“牛,件也。件,事理也”放在“牛,大牲也”下,就不易理解了。自大徐本后的注释家,纷纷提出异议,约提出七种不同的意见。我们认为,这七种意见值得讨论。论文由段注声训条例类推,推考异体字、徐锴“词例”法、徐承庆“文理”法,而综合分析文献材料,以《说文解字》版本、本义系统等本证,以语言中用例为旁证,确定本条的正误。
“Niu(牛)”in the Qing Dynasty's version of Shuo Wen Jie Zi(《说文解字》)includes the following sentence:“Niu is a great animal.Niu is jian(件).Jian is shili(事理).”Among these,“Niu is a great animal”is the same as“horse,anger,military”as Duan Zhu(段注)observes.Similarly,“sheep(羊),auspicious,”which was the cultural meaning in the context of Xu Shen's era.However,“Niu is jian”is not easy to understand,if we follow the translation,“Niu is a great animal.”Many commentators after Daxu Ben(大徐本)raised objections one after another,and there were about seven different opinions.I believe that these seven opinions are worth discussing.According to the formation of Chinese characters,Niu symbolizes the common sememes of the same variety of word.Based on one version of Shuo Wen Jie Zi,including its original meaning system and homonyms,this paper uses linguistic cases as circumstantial evidence and it clarifies the semantic information contained in the formal elements of Chinese characters by determining the correctness of their articles.
出处
《中国训诂学报》
2022年第1期184-196,共13页
Zhongguo Xungu Xuebao
关键词
《说文解字》
牛部
本义
解诂
Shuo Wen Jie Zi
original meaning
words of the same kind in the same part
different parts of the same kind of words
