摘要
文章首先分析当代文学作品中“给+VP”的及物值,发现“给VP”结构具有较高的及物性,它与高及物句式把字句相兼容,两者连用可以强化处置效果。其次,通过比较BCC语料库不同文体中(报刊和微博)两种句式的语义韵分布,得出“把+NP+给+VP”表示积极语境的比重远高于“被+NP+给+VP”结构,是因为前者的高及物性与积极语义韵呈正相关。消极语义韵在两句式中都占主导,是因为被字句在历时上形成了以消极义为中心的语义网;相比之下,把字句的消极义出现晚,但“致使”作为其构式义渲染了使用语境的消极性。文章最后强调汉语语义韵的研究要以历时和共时考察为基础,关注不同词类的语义色彩,且从传统的字词分析扩大到对词组和句型的探索上。
In spoken Chinese,gei+VP is often used in disposal and passive contexts to form two types of patterns,ba+NP+gei+VP and bei+NP+gei+VP.Based on Chinese corpora,we calculated the value of transitivity in gei“give”+VP,showing that it shows intermediate to high degrees of transitivity,which is compatible with the highly transitive ba-construction and strengthens the disposal effect.Also,by comparing the distribution of the semantic prosody in the two patterns,we generalize that the pattern ba+NP+gei+VP is more likely to be used in positive contexts than the pattern of ba+NP+gei+VP because the former’s high transitivity is associated with its positive semantic prosody.Moreover,the negative semantic prosody is dominant in both patterns because the meaning of ba+NP+gei+VP as a passive construction centers on the negative interpretation in the development of the ba-construction.In contrast,the negative meaning of ba+NP+gei+VP emerges late,and“causality”as its constructional meaning brings forth negativity.From diachronic and synchronic perspectives,it is suggested that the study of Chinese semantic prosody should shift its focus from traditional comparison of synonyms to the investigation of widely-used phrases or sentence patterns.
出处
《语言研究集刊》
2022年第1期68-82,400-401,共17页
Bulletin of Linguistic Studies
关键词
给VP
语义韵
及物性
被字句
把字句
semantic prosody
gei VP
ba-construction
bei-construction
transitivity
