摘要
康德鉴赏判断的第一契机是“质”的契机,但何谓鉴赏判断的“质”却众说纷纭。学界通常或因§1的标题说“鉴赏判断是?sthetisch”,而直接将这句话视作鉴赏判断的质的规定,即将?sthetisch视作鉴赏判断的质;或因§2(标题“那规定鉴赏判断的愉悦是不带任何利害的”)或第一契机的结论鉴赏判断的愉悦是“不带任何利害的”,或将“无利害性”/“无利害的愉悦”与第一契机即质的契机等同,从而将“无利害(的愉悦)”看作是鉴赏判断的质。这些看法虽各有其理据,但皆有不足。本文从鉴赏判断的“质”与认识判断的“质”的异同、?sthetisch的译法与理解鉴赏判断的质的方法、鉴赏判断中情感的地位、情感与“无利害的愉悦”“判断的自由”的关系等多角度展开并逐层推进阐释鉴赏判断的“质”是“情感(的)”。情感是鉴赏判断的直接的规定根据,在鉴赏判断中具有独立性、无利害性和自由三种特性。是故,鉴赏判断的“质”是“情感(的)”,鉴赏判断是一种情感判断,并且是一种自由判断。
The first moment of Kant’s judgment of taste is the moment of“quality”,but there are different opinions on what is the“quality”of the judgment of taste.Because the title of§1 says“the judgment of taste is‘ästhetisch’”,some scholars regard this sentence as the provision of the quality of the judgment of taste,that is to say,they regard“ästhetisch”as the quality of the judgment of taste;other scholars regard“disinterestedness”or“disinterested pleasure”as the quality of the judgment of taste because§2(the title“the plasure that determines the judgment of taste is without any intrest”)or the conclusion of the first moment says that the pleasure of the judgment of taste is“without any interest”,or equates“disinterestedness”/“disinterested pleasure”with the first moment,that is,the moment of“quality”.Although these views have their own reasons,they all have shortcomings.This paper starts from the similarities and differences between the“quality”of the judgment of taste and the“quality”of cognitive judgment,the translation of“ästhetisch”and the method of understanding the quality of the judgment of taste,the position of feeling in the judgment of taste,the relationship between feeling and“disinterested pleasure”and“freedom of judgment”,and explains that the quality of the judgment of taste is“feeling”.Feeling is the direct basis of the judgment of taste,which has three characteristics:independence,disinterestedness and freedom.Therefore,the“quality”of the judgment of taste is“feeling”,and the judgment of taste is a judgment of feeling and a free judgment.
关键词
康德
鉴赏判断
无利害
情感
质的契机
Kant
The judgment of taste
Disinterestedness
Feeling
The moment of quality
