摘要
国际上,法庭科学证据的检验鉴定正朝向定量化和客观化方向转变。传统的指纹鉴定一直采用基于特征相似性比较的“认定、否定、无结论”评价模式。随着国际上对法庭科学的准确性、可靠性、客观性、透明性和可重复性等科学性要求的不断提高,指纹证据的检验评价也开始向以量化评价为核心的似然比框架模式转变。本文首先对传统的“ACE-V”指纹比对识别方法及其证据评价模式进行分析总结,然后从国际上对法庭证据技术的科学性要求出发,对指纹证据量化评价新模式的核心内容、主要方法、国际研究进展以及司法实践情况进行综述评析,重点对似然比方法体系、指纹特征的量化提取方法、特征的统计模型进行评述,最后结合指纹自动识别技术的发展,对其实践应用和发展趋势进行展望。
Forensic evidence is internationally going into quantification and objectivity with its examination and identifi cation.Traditionally,the notion of“identifi cation,exclusion and inconclusiveness”is the evaluation criterion about forensic evidence based on the comparison between the evidential materials from the scene and the suspect’s.With the increasing demand for the scientificity of forensic evidence and progresses of technologies,evaluation is presently paid more attentions on the eligibility for the relevant methods of examination and identifi cation,drawing focuses on accuracy,reliability,objectivity,transparency and repeatability.Following the trend,the fingerprint evidence is also being assessed from qualitative feature similarity to the likelihood ratio quantitation.In this paper,the analytic summarization was fi rst of all made on the traditional“ACE-V”fi ngerprint identifi cation approaches and the relevant evidence evaluation framework.Successively,the new paradigms of fi ngerprint evidence evaluation were reviewed about the core contents,main approaches,international research development and forensic practice on the basis of introduction to the international requirements of forensic technological scientificity,having stressed into the fingerprint features that were scaled from the likelihood ratio framework,quantitative extraction methods and statistical models.Finally,the fi ngerprint automatic identifi cation technology was expatiated about its development,practical application and progressive trend.
作者
谭铁君
TAN Tiejun(School of Criminal Investigation,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Key Laboratory of Forensic Science of Chongqing Institutes of Higher Education,Chongqing 401120,China)
出处
《刑事技术》
2020年第6期616-621,共6页
Forensic Science and Technology
基金
重庆教委科学技术研究重点项目(KJZD-K202000301)。
关键词
指纹
似然比
量化评价
证据评价
fingerprint
likelihood ratio
quantitative evaluation
forensic evidence evaluation
