Gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)have demonstrated great potential in chemical and biological sensing,catalysis,biomedicine,X-ray computed tomography,and other applications,owing to their unique properties.Au NPs with high-i...Gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)have demonstrated great potential in chemical and biological sensing,catalysis,biomedicine,X-ray computed tomography,and other applications,owing to their unique properties.Au NPs with high-index facets have attracted more attention in the past decade owing to their superior electrocatalytic activity in fuel cells and enhanced performance in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)applications.This review presents an overview of our achievements in the direct synthesis of Au NPs with controlled shapes in water using cationic surfactants.By deliberately adjusting the nature of the surfactant stabilizers,preformed Au NPs with simple shapes can be readily transformed into Au NPs with complicated shapes with controlled high-index facets by simple seeded growth.The high-index facets of the as-prepared Au NPs can be consistently correlated with their superior performance in the electrooxidation of methanol and ethanol and their enhanced SERS activity.展开更多
Micro/nanomotors(MNMs)are small-scale devices that can effectively convert various forms of energy into mechanical motion.Their controllable motility and good permeability have attracted the interest of researchers as...Micro/nanomotors(MNMs)are small-scale devices that can effectively convert various forms of energy into mechanical motion.Their controllable motility and good permeability have attracted the interest of researchers as promising drug carriers in cancer therapy.Compared with traditional formulations,micro/nanomotor drug delivery systems can greatly improve therapeutic efficiency and reduce the side effects of antitumor drugs.This review mainly discusses the advantages of micro/nanomotor drug delivery systems and the applications of MNMs propelled by exogenous,endogenous,and biohybrid power in cancer therapy.Finally,the main challenges of the applications of micro/nanomotor drug delivery systems,as well as future development trends and opportunities are discussed.展开更多
Cuprous oxide is a potential photocatalyst for the reduction of CO_(2).However,its high rate of charge recombina-tion and low ability to adsorb CO_(2) limit its activity,particularly when gaseous CO_(2) was used.Herei...Cuprous oxide is a potential photocatalyst for the reduction of CO_(2).However,its high rate of charge recombina-tion and low ability to adsorb CO_(2) limit its activity,particularly when gaseous CO_(2) was used.Herein,a Cu-based metal-organic framework(Cu-MOF-74)with high CO_(2) adsorption is coated onto Cu_(2) O nanowires by a topotactic transformation method.The optimized Cu_(2) O@Cu-MOF-74 composite thin film showed a CH 4 evolution rate 4.5 times higher than that of bare Cu_(2) O under visible light illumination(>420 nm),with water vapor as the electron donor.Analysis results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,transient photocurrent measurements,and fluorescence spectroscopy collectively suggest that the decoration of Cu_(2) O with Cu-MOF-74 facilitates electron extraction from excited Cu_(2) O,thereby inducing long-lived photocharges for the reduction of CO_(2).This study provides insights into the modification of transition metal oxides for application in photocatalysis by coating the surface with metal-organic frameworks.展开更多
Lyotropic liquid crystals(LLCs)produced by the self-assembly of surfactant in water represent an important class of highly ordered soft materials that have a wide range of applications.This study investigates the LLCs...Lyotropic liquid crystals(LLCs)produced by the self-assembly of surfactant in water represent an important class of highly ordered soft materials that have a wide range of applications.This study investigates the LLCs formed by a zwitterionic surfactant(tetradecyldimethylaminoxide,C 14 DMAO)in water.The organization of C 14 DMAO within the LLCs was determined based on a detailed analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering measure-ments and polarized microscopy observations of a typical sample.Additional to the singe-phase region,which has a hexagonal organization,several two-phase regions were observed,exhibiting the coexistence of hexago-nal/cubic,cubic/lamellar,and hexagonal/lamellar phases.The phase behavior showed an obvious dependence on temperature,with more pronounced two-phase regions at lower temperatures.Using the LLCs as a matrix,Au nanospheres,nanoellipsoids,and nanorods were prepared without requiring additional reducing reagents.These three-and one-dimensional Au nanomaterials could be converted to two-dimensional plates via the introduc-tion of a small amount of cationic surfactant to the LLCs,such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB)and 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide([C 16 MIm]B),which showed pronounced surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity towards solid rhodamine.The LLCs loaded with CTAB(or[C 16 MIm]B)and HAuCl 4 exhibited slightly different structures and mechanical strength from the original LLCs,thereby forming a new class of highly crowded colloidal materials.展开更多
Non-noble transition metal oxides(TMOs)are promising catalysts with improved catalytic activity and stability in oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,the structural complexity of TMO-based electrocatalysts renders t...Non-noble transition metal oxides(TMOs)are promising catalysts with improved catalytic activity and stability in oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,the structural complexity of TMO-based electrocatalysts renders the determination of the active sites and OER mechanisms challenging.Here,we demonstrate that the OER activity of Co-doped one-dimensional W_(18)O_(49)(Co-W_(18)O_(49))is intrinsically dominated by the surface structure and electronic properties of the octahedral sites and Co-O-W bonds.Compared with RuO_(2) and W_(18)O_(49) heterogeneous electrocatalysts,Co-W_(18)O_(49) exhibits higher turnover frequency,attaining 1.97 s−1 at 500 mV overpotential.The results indicate that Co substitution contributes to the localized charge distribution of the active octahedral sites constructed by the Co-O-W bonds under OER conditions.Here,we determine the mechanism of TMOs for the OER,which may be applied to various other TMOs for OER electrocatalyst design.展开更多
Cubic-phase ZrO_(2) nanoparticle(NPs)were synthesized using a cost-effective single-pot green combustion method and Helianthus annuus extract,and their properties were evaluated.Powder X-ray diffraction was used to in...Cubic-phase ZrO_(2) nanoparticle(NPs)were synthesized using a cost-effective single-pot green combustion method and Helianthus annuus extract,and their properties were evaluated.Powder X-ray diffraction was used to inves-tigate the purity,crystal structure,and size of the NPs,and the average size of the NPs was determined to be∼25 nm.The internal surface morphology of the NPs with distinct voids and pores were observed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)Ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)absorption spectroscopy was used to analyze the optical properties of the as-synthesized ZrO_(2) NPs,and their energy bandgap was determined to be 4.5 eV.The photo-luminescence(PL)spectrum of the cubic-phase ZrO_(2) NPs presented a broad band in the UV-vis region.The PL emission properties of the ZrO_(2) NPs were studied by analyzing their emission wavelength at∼490 nm,and the results revealed that the NPs can be efficiently used for display applications.The electrochemical properties of a graphite-ZrO_(2) NP electrode was qualitatively analyzed by performing cyclic voltammetry(CV)and electrochem-ical impedance spectroscopy experiments in a three-electrode system with a 0.1 M KCl solution as the electrolyte.Our results suggested that the NPs can be used to evaluate the thermodynamics of the redox reaction,and their capacitance was determined using the CV curves of a graphite-ZrO_(2) working electrode at different scan rates in the range of 0.01∼0.05 V/s at room temperature.Furthermore,the photodegradation rate of Reactive Blue 4 textile dye over the as-prepared ZrO_(2) NPs reached 97%under UV-vis light irradiation.展开更多
The effects of light elements on the elastic properties of disordered binary hcp-Fe alloys were investigated at high pressures using plane-wave density functional theory combined with the Monte Carlo special quasi-ran...The effects of light elements on the elastic properties of disordered binary hcp-Fe alloys were investigated at high pressures using plane-wave density functional theory combined with the Monte Carlo special quasi-random structure method.We found that the increase in the O content in hcp-Fe had a more pronounced effect on the sound velocity than Si,S,and C.The longitudinal wave velocity was decreased by∼6%with 2%O content,which was a much greater decrease than the values of 0.6%and 2%induced by the same content of Si and S,respectively,under high pressures.Compared with the other three light elements,the longitudinal wave velocity of the Fe-C alloy exhibited the most gradual decreasing with increasing C content.In addition,the effects of different O and S contents on the anisotropy of hcp-Fe alloys strongly depended on the variation in pressure,whereas the pressure only slightly affected the anisotropy of Fe-Si alloy systems.展开更多
Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been widely studied because of their low cost,low standard redox potential,and abundant sodium availability.However,the structural rupture during the Na+insertion/extraction processes an...Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been widely studied because of their low cost,low standard redox potential,and abundant sodium availability.However,the structural rupture during the Na+insertion/extraction processes and the poor conductivity of the anode material limit its cycling stability and rate capability.Herein,SnSe@C was prepared by high-temperature annealing with dopamine hydrochloride as the carbon source,while SnSe was prepared by a protein reduction method.The carbon layer not only works as a protective layer to limit the volume expansion of SnSe and reduce the dissolution of Na 2 Se and poly-selenides generated during the discharge process in the electrolyte,but also as a conductive matrix to expedite electron transfer,thereby boosting the cycling stability and rate capability of SnSe@C.Benefiting from the above advantages,SnSe@C exhibits a specific capacity of 211.3 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 A g^(−1) after 110 cycles and outstanging rate capability(210.1 mAh g^(−1) at 5.0 A g^(−1) and capacity retention rate of 63.2%from 0.1 to 1.0 A g^(−1)).This study not only proposes an idea for promoting the cycling stability and rate capability of SnSe,but also paves the way for providing anodic materials with a stable structure for SIBs.展开更多
Owing to the significant development in graphene,an increasing number of studies have been conducted to identify novel two-dimensional(2D)organic materials with Dirac cones and topological properties.Although a series...Owing to the significant development in graphene,an increasing number of studies have been conducted to identify novel two-dimensional(2D)organic materials with Dirac cones and topological properties.Although a series of toy models based on specific lattice patterns has been proposed and demonstrated to possess a Dirac cone,realistic materials corresponding to the lattice models must be identified to achieve excellent properties for practical applications.To understand factors contributing to the rarity of 2D organic Dirac materials and provide guidance for identifying novel organic Dirac systems,we review recent theoretical studies pertaining to various 2D Dirac models and their corresponding organic Dirac materials,including the Haldane,Kagome,Libe,linecentered honeycomb,and Cairo pentagonal models.Subsequently,the corresponding structural and topological electronic properties are summarized.Additionally,we investigate the relationship between the existence of Dirac cones and their structural features,as well as the manner by which Dirac points emerge and propagate in these systems.展开更多
Gas sensors play a vital role in monitoring environmental pollution for human health,safety,and the detection of various gasses in the environment.Nanostructured metal oxide thin films have been widely used in sensor ...Gas sensors play a vital role in monitoring environmental pollution for human health,safety,and the detection of various gasses in the environment.Nanostructured metal oxide thin films have been widely used in sensor applications owing to their unique properties.In this study,pure and gold(Au)doped nanostructured tungsten trioxide(WO_(3))films were deposited on glass substrates by electron beam evaporation at room temperature.The microstructure of the WO_(3) films changed from nanoflakes to nanorods upon variation of the wt%of Au.The sensing properties of WO_(3) based nanostructure films were measured using a computer-controlled system.The gas sensing results showed that the Au-doped WO_(3) films exhibited a higher sensitivity than the undoped films.The 15 wt%Au-doped WO_(3) nanostructure films showed high sensitivity towards ethanol and the response(sensitivity)value was 89.The response and recovery times for 15 wt%Au-doped WO_(3) were 8 and 10 s,respectively.展开更多
Organic-inorganic hybrids are next-generation materials for use in high-performance optoelectronic devices owing to their adaptabilities in terms of design and properties.This article reviews the application of hybrid...Organic-inorganic hybrids are next-generation materials for use in high-performance optoelectronic devices owing to their adaptabilities in terms of design and properties.This article reviews the application of hybrid materials and layers in several widely used optoelectronic devices,i.e.,light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation(LASER),solar cells,and light-emitting diodes(LEDs).The effects of the incorporation of inorganic particles on photostability and optical gain are analyzed in the first section with reference to dye and perovskite lasers.Second,the strategies used in blending inorganic nanostructures into organic solar cells and bulk heterojunctions are analyzed.The use of various organic layers as electron-and hole-transport materials in Si heterojunction solar cells is reviewed in detail.Finally,the benefits of the presence of organic components in quantum-dot-and perovskite-based LEDs are derived from the analysis.The integration of organic and inorganic components with optimal interfaces and morphologies is a challenge in developing hybrid materials with improved efficiencies.展开更多
Micro-/nano-motors(MNMs)or swimmers are minuscule machines that can convert various forms of energy,such as chemical,electrical,or magnetic energy,into motion.These devices have attracted significant attention owing t...Micro-/nano-motors(MNMs)or swimmers are minuscule machines that can convert various forms of energy,such as chemical,electrical,or magnetic energy,into motion.These devices have attracted significant attention owing to their potential application in a wide range of fields such as drug delivery,sensing,and microfabrication.However,owing to their diverse shapes,sizes,and structural/chemical compositions,the development of MNMs faces several challenges,such as understanding their structure-function relationships,which is crucial for achieving precise control over their motion within complex environments.In recent years,machine learning techniques have shown promise in addressing these challenges and improving the performance of MNMs.Machine learning techniques can analyze large amounts of data,learn from patterns,and make predictions,thereby enabling MNMs to navigate complex environments,avoid obstacles,and perform tasks with higher efficiency and reliability.This review introduces the current state-of-the-art machine learning techniques in MNM research,with a particular focus on employing machine learning to understand and manipulate the navigation and locomotion of MNMs.Finally,we discuss the challenges and opportunities in this field and suggest future research directions.展开更多
Hydrogen energy plays an important role in clean energy system and is considered the core energy source for future technological development owing to its lightweight nature,high calorific value,and clean combustion pr...Hydrogen energy plays an important role in clean energy system and is considered the core energy source for future technological development owing to its lightweight nature,high calorific value,and clean combustion products.The electrocatalytic conversion of water into hydrogen is considered a highly promising method.An electrocatalyst is indispensable in the electrocatalytic process,and finding an efficient electrocatalyst is essential.However,the current commercial electrocatalysts(such as Pt/C and Ru)are expensive;therefore,there is a need to find an inexpensive and efficient electrocatalyst with high stability,corrosion resistance,and high electrocatalytic efficiency.In this study,we developed a cost-effective bifunctional electrocatalyst by incorporating molybdenum into nickel sulfide(Ni_(3)S_(2))and subsequently tailoring its structure to achieve a one-dimensional(1D)needle-like configuration.The hydrogen production efficiency of nickel sulfide was improved by changing the ratio of Mo doping.By analyzing the electrochemical performance of different Mo-doped catalysts,we found that the Ni_(3)S_(2)-Mo-0.1 electrocatalyst exhibited the best electrocatalytic effect in 1 M KOH;at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),it exhibited overpotentials of 120 and 279 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),respectively;at a higher current density of 100 mA cm^(-2),the HER and OER overpotentials were 396 and 495 mV,respectively.Furthermore,this electrocatalyst can be used in a two-electrode water-splitting system.Finally,we thoroughly investigated the mechanism of the overall water splitting of this electrocatalyst,providing valuable insights for future hydrogen production via overall-water-splitting.展开更多
In view of the current study’s demonstration of the synthesis of clay-doped ZnO composites,we present a low-cost method for producing clay-metal oxide(clay/ZnO).Utilizing the solution combustion technique,a composite...In view of the current study’s demonstration of the synthesis of clay-doped ZnO composites,we present a low-cost method for producing clay-metal oxide(clay/ZnO).Utilizing the solution combustion technique,a composite of clay/ZnO was produced utilizing citric acid as both a fuel and a complexing agent.The hexagonal unit cell structure of the created clay/ZnO may be seen using XRD patterns.The ZnO-infused clay was visible in FE-SEM micrographs as homogenous,sphere-shaped ZnO.The possible involvement of clay/ZnO photocatalytic activity in the UV-induced photodegradation of malachite green dye was investigated.The 90%degradation rate shows the composite’s outstanding photocatalytic degradation capacity.The resulting substance was electrochemically analyzed using a constructed electrode in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte.It increased its sensor capabilities,which now include chemical and biomolecule sensors,and it excelled in cyclic voltammetry-based redox potential studies.To efficiently evaluate chemically synthesized NPs for electrochemical,sensing,and photocatalytic applications,this study intends to create a solution combustion procedure for the synthesis of clay/ZnO nanocomposite using urea as fuel.展开更多
Lithium-oxygen batteries(LOBs)have extensive applications because of their ultra-high energy densities.However,the practical application of LOBs is limited by several factors,such as a high overpotential,poor cycle st...Lithium-oxygen batteries(LOBs)have extensive applications because of their ultra-high energy densities.However,the practical application of LOBs is limited by several factors,such as a high overpotential,poor cycle stability,and limited rate capacity.In this paper,we describe the successful uniform loading of Mn_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes(Mn_(3)O_(4)@CNT).CNTs form a conductive network and expose numerous catalytically active sites,and the one-dimensional porous structure provides a convenient channel for the transmission of Li+and O2 in LOBs.The electronic conductivity and electrocatalytic activity of Mn_(3)O_(4)@CNT are significantly better than those of MnO@CNT because of the inherent driving force facilitating charge transfer between different valence metal ions.Therefore,the Mn_(3)O_(4)@CNT cathode obtains a low overpotential(0.76 V at a limited capacity of 1000 mAh g^(-1)),high initial discharge capacity(16895 mAh g^(-1) at 200 mA g^(-1)),and long cycle life(97 cycles at 200 mA g^(-1)).This study provides evidence that transition metal oxides with mixed-valence states are suitable for application as efficient cathodes for LOBs.展开更多
Hierarchical heterostructures have emerged as promising candidates for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics owing to their matched energy levels and tunable absorption bands.Herein,we report the fac...Hierarchical heterostructures have emerged as promising candidates for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics owing to their matched energy levels and tunable absorption bands.Herein,we report the facile synthesis of a heterojunction photocatalyst composed of basic bismuth nitrate(BiON)and BiOCl_(0.9)I_(0.1) using a simple room-temperature hydrolysis method.Our results demonstrate that the BiON/BiOCl_(0.9)I_(0.1) composite exhibits superior photodegradation performance compared to pure-phase materials owing to the catalytic enhancement at the heterointerface and the effective separation of the photogenerated carriers.Moreover,the unique three-dimensional microsphere morphology of the synthesized composite enhances its specific surface area and light absorption,further enhancing its photocatalytic activity.In the tetracycline(TC)photodegradation reaction as a model reaction,the catalyst could degrade 88%of TC in just 25 min.Overall,this work provides a promising strategy for the facile and low-cost synthesis of heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation materials.展开更多
The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),an essential half-reaction of water splitting,lead to high OER overpotential and low energy-conversion efficiency,hampering its industrial application.Theref...The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),an essential half-reaction of water splitting,lead to high OER overpotential and low energy-conversion efficiency,hampering its industrial application.Therefore,considerable attention has been paid to the development of efficient catalysts to accelerate the OER.In this study,we synthesized the high-entropy oxides[(FeCoNiMnV)_(x)O]and used them as efficient OER catalysts.A simple oil-phase method was used to synthesize(FeCoNiMnV)_(x)O.The catalytic performances of the(FeCoNiMnV)_(x)O catalysts were modified by tuning the reaction temperature.The optimized(FeCoNiMnV)_(x)O catalyst exhibited multiple elemental interactions and abundant exposed active sites,leading to an overpotential of approximately 264 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) in 1 M KOH and stability of 50 h at 1000 mA cm^(-2).Thus,a highly active OER catalyst was synthesized.This study provides an efficient approach for the synthesis of high-entropy oxides.展开更多
The development of MXene-based heterostructures for electrocatalysis has garnered significant attention owing to their potential as high-performance catalysts that play a pivotal role in hydrogen energy.Herein,we pres...The development of MXene-based heterostructures for electrocatalysis has garnered significant attention owing to their potential as high-performance catalysts that play a pivotal role in hydrogen energy.Herein,we present a multistep strategy for the synthesis of a Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene ribbon/NiFePx@graphitic N-doped carbon(NC)heterostructure that enables the formation of three-dimensional(3D)Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene ribbon networks and bimetallic phosphide nanoarrays.With the assistance of HF etching and KOH shearing,the MXene sheets were successfully transformed into 3D MXene networks with interlaced MXene ribbons.Notably,a hydrothermal method,ion exchange route,and phosphorization process were used to anchor NiFeP_(x)@NC nanocubes derived from Ni(OH)_(2)/NiFe-based Prussian blue(NiFe-PB)onto the MXene ribbon network.The resulting MXene ribbon/NiFeP_(x)@NC heterostructure demonstrated enhanced oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity,characterized by a low overpotential(164 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2))and a low Tafel slope(45 mV dec^(-1)).At the same time,the MXene ribbons/NiFeP_(x)@NC heterostructure exhibited outstanding long-term stability,with a 12 mV potential decay after 5000 cyclic voltammetry(CV)cycles.This study provides a robust pathway for the design of efficient MXene-based heterostructured electrocatalysts for water splitting.展开更多
Metal-ion(Li-,Na-,Zn-,K-,Mg-,and Al-ion)batteries(MIBs)play an important role in realizing the goals of“emission peak and carbon neutralization”because of their green production techniques,lower pollution,high volta...Metal-ion(Li-,Na-,Zn-,K-,Mg-,and Al-ion)batteries(MIBs)play an important role in realizing the goals of“emission peak and carbon neutralization”because of their green production techniques,lower pollution,high voltage,and large energy density.Carbon-based materials are indispensable for developing MIBs and are widely adopted as active or auxiliary materials in the anodes and cathodes.For example,carbon-based materials,includ-ing graphite,Si/C and hard carbon,have been used as anode materials for Li-and Na-ion batteries.Carbon can also be used as a conductive coating for cathodes,such as in LiFePO 4/C,to achieve better performance.In addition,as new high-valence MIBs(Zn-,Al-,and Mg-ion)have emerged,a growing number of novel carbon-based mate-rials have been utilized to construct high-performance MIBs.Herein,we discuss the recent development trends in advanced carbon-based materials for MIBs.The impact of the structure properties of advanced carbon-based materials on energy storage is addressed,and a perspective on their development is also proposed.展开更多
The realization of long-range magnetic ordering in two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals systems significantly expands the scope of the 2D family as well as their possible spin-related phenomena and device applications.The...The realization of long-range magnetic ordering in two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals systems significantly expands the scope of the 2D family as well as their possible spin-related phenomena and device applications.The atomically thin nature of 2D materials makes their magnetically ordered states sensitive to local environments,and this necessitates advanced characterization at the atomic scale.Here,we briefly review several representative 2D magnetic systems,namely,iron chalcogenides,chromium chalcogenides,chromium trihalides,and their het-erostructures.With powerful scanning-probe microscopy,atomically resolved characterization of their crystalline configurations,electronic structures,and magnetization distributions has been achieved,and novel phenomena such as giant tunneling magnetoresistance and topological superconductivity have been observed.Finally,we discuss the challenges and new perspectives in this flourishing field.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(22072076 and 21773142)Taishan Schol-arship in Shandong Province(No.tsqn20161001)+1 种基金Fundamental Re-search Funds of Shandong University,Shandong Provincial Natural Sci-ence Foundation(ZR2020QE005)Young Doctor Cooperation Fund Project of Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sci-ences)(2019BSHZ0018).
文摘Gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)have demonstrated great potential in chemical and biological sensing,catalysis,biomedicine,X-ray computed tomography,and other applications,owing to their unique properties.Au NPs with high-index facets have attracted more attention in the past decade owing to their superior electrocatalytic activity in fuel cells and enhanced performance in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)applications.This review presents an overview of our achievements in the direct synthesis of Au NPs with controlled shapes in water using cationic surfactants.By deliberately adjusting the nature of the surfactant stabilizers,preformed Au NPs with simple shapes can be readily transformed into Au NPs with complicated shapes with controlled high-index facets by simple seeded growth.The high-index facets of the as-prepared Au NPs can be consistently correlated with their superior performance in the electrooxidation of methanol and ethanol and their enhanced SERS activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(82173757)the Young Scholar Program of Shandong University(YSPSDU,2017WLJH40)。
文摘Micro/nanomotors(MNMs)are small-scale devices that can effectively convert various forms of energy into mechanical motion.Their controllable motility and good permeability have attracted the interest of researchers as promising drug carriers in cancer therapy.Compared with traditional formulations,micro/nanomotor drug delivery systems can greatly improve therapeutic efficiency and reduce the side effects of antitumor drugs.This review mainly discusses the advantages of micro/nanomotor drug delivery systems and the applications of MNMs propelled by exogenous,endogenous,and biohybrid power in cancer therapy.Finally,the main challenges of the applications of micro/nanomotor drug delivery systems,as well as future development trends and opportunities are discussed.
基金supported by the Hong Kong Re-search Grant Council(RGC)General Research Fund(GRF)CityU 11305419 and CityU 11306920the General Program of Sci-ence and Technology Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality JCYJ20190808181805621.
文摘Cuprous oxide is a potential photocatalyst for the reduction of CO_(2).However,its high rate of charge recombina-tion and low ability to adsorb CO_(2) limit its activity,particularly when gaseous CO_(2) was used.Herein,a Cu-based metal-organic framework(Cu-MOF-74)with high CO_(2) adsorption is coated onto Cu_(2) O nanowires by a topotactic transformation method.The optimized Cu_(2) O@Cu-MOF-74 composite thin film showed a CH 4 evolution rate 4.5 times higher than that of bare Cu_(2) O under visible light illumination(>420 nm),with water vapor as the electron donor.Analysis results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,transient photocurrent measurements,and fluorescence spectroscopy collectively suggest that the decoration of Cu_(2) O with Cu-MOF-74 facilitates electron extraction from excited Cu_(2) O,thereby inducing long-lived photocharges for the reduction of CO_(2).This study provides insights into the modification of transition metal oxides for application in photocatalysis by coating the surface with metal-organic frameworks.
基金support of the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(21875129).
文摘Lyotropic liquid crystals(LLCs)produced by the self-assembly of surfactant in water represent an important class of highly ordered soft materials that have a wide range of applications.This study investigates the LLCs formed by a zwitterionic surfactant(tetradecyldimethylaminoxide,C 14 DMAO)in water.The organization of C 14 DMAO within the LLCs was determined based on a detailed analysis of small-angle X-ray scattering measure-ments and polarized microscopy observations of a typical sample.Additional to the singe-phase region,which has a hexagonal organization,several two-phase regions were observed,exhibiting the coexistence of hexago-nal/cubic,cubic/lamellar,and hexagonal/lamellar phases.The phase behavior showed an obvious dependence on temperature,with more pronounced two-phase regions at lower temperatures.Using the LLCs as a matrix,Au nanospheres,nanoellipsoids,and nanorods were prepared without requiring additional reducing reagents.These three-and one-dimensional Au nanomaterials could be converted to two-dimensional plates via the introduc-tion of a small amount of cationic surfactant to the LLCs,such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB)and 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide([C 16 MIm]B),which showed pronounced surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity towards solid rhodamine.The LLCs loaded with CTAB(or[C 16 MIm]B)and HAuCl 4 exhibited slightly different structures and mechanical strength from the original LLCs,thereby forming a new class of highly crowded colloidal materials.
基金support from the Natural Science Foundation of China as a general project(Grant Nos.21874099,22006029,22076082,and 22176140)Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter(Grant No.63181206)the Tianjin Commission of Science and Technology as a Key Technology Research and Develop-ment project(Grant Nos.19YFZCSF00740 and 20YFZCSN01070).
文摘Non-noble transition metal oxides(TMOs)are promising catalysts with improved catalytic activity and stability in oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,the structural complexity of TMO-based electrocatalysts renders the determination of the active sites and OER mechanisms challenging.Here,we demonstrate that the OER activity of Co-doped one-dimensional W_(18)O_(49)(Co-W_(18)O_(49))is intrinsically dominated by the surface structure and electronic properties of the octahedral sites and Co-O-W bonds.Compared with RuO_(2) and W_(18)O_(49) heterogeneous electrocatalysts,Co-W_(18)O_(49) exhibits higher turnover frequency,attaining 1.97 s−1 at 500 mV overpotential.The results indicate that Co substitution contributes to the localized charge distribution of the active octahedral sites constructed by the Co-O-W bonds under OER conditions.Here,we determine the mechanism of TMOs for the OER,which may be applied to various other TMOs for OER electrocatalyst design.
文摘Cubic-phase ZrO_(2) nanoparticle(NPs)were synthesized using a cost-effective single-pot green combustion method and Helianthus annuus extract,and their properties were evaluated.Powder X-ray diffraction was used to inves-tigate the purity,crystal structure,and size of the NPs,and the average size of the NPs was determined to be∼25 nm.The internal surface morphology of the NPs with distinct voids and pores were observed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)Ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)absorption spectroscopy was used to analyze the optical properties of the as-synthesized ZrO_(2) NPs,and their energy bandgap was determined to be 4.5 eV.The photo-luminescence(PL)spectrum of the cubic-phase ZrO_(2) NPs presented a broad band in the UV-vis region.The PL emission properties of the ZrO_(2) NPs were studied by analyzing their emission wavelength at∼490 nm,and the results revealed that the NPs can be efficiently used for display applications.The electrochemical properties of a graphite-ZrO_(2) NP electrode was qualitatively analyzed by performing cyclic voltammetry(CV)and electrochem-ical impedance spectroscopy experiments in a three-electrode system with a 0.1 M KCl solution as the electrolyte.Our results suggested that the NPs can be used to evaluate the thermodynamics of the redox reaction,and their capacitance was determined using the CV curves of a graphite-ZrO_(2) working electrode at different scan rates in the range of 0.01∼0.05 V/s at room temperature.Furthermore,the photodegradation rate of Reactive Blue 4 textile dye over the as-prepared ZrO_(2) NPs reached 97%under UV-vis light irradiation.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2022NSFSC1826,2022NSFSC1243).
文摘The effects of light elements on the elastic properties of disordered binary hcp-Fe alloys were investigated at high pressures using plane-wave density functional theory combined with the Monte Carlo special quasi-random structure method.We found that the increase in the O content in hcp-Fe had a more pronounced effect on the sound velocity than Si,S,and C.The longitudinal wave velocity was decreased by∼6%with 2%O content,which was a much greater decrease than the values of 0.6%and 2%induced by the same content of Si and S,respectively,under high pressures.Compared with the other three light elements,the longitudinal wave velocity of the Fe-C alloy exhibited the most gradual decreasing with increasing C content.In addition,the effects of different O and S contents on the anisotropy of hcp-Fe alloys strongly depended on the variation in pressure,whereas the pressure only slightly affected the anisotropy of Fe-Si alloy systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(No.52062030)Applied Basic Research of Qinghai Province(2021-ZJ-737).
文摘Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been widely studied because of their low cost,low standard redox potential,and abundant sodium availability.However,the structural rupture during the Na+insertion/extraction processes and the poor conductivity of the anode material limit its cycling stability and rate capability.Herein,SnSe@C was prepared by high-temperature annealing with dopamine hydrochloride as the carbon source,while SnSe was prepared by a protein reduction method.The carbon layer not only works as a protective layer to limit the volume expansion of SnSe and reduce the dissolution of Na 2 Se and poly-selenides generated during the discharge process in the electrolyte,but also as a conductive matrix to expedite electron transfer,thereby boosting the cycling stability and rate capability of SnSe@C.Benefiting from the above advantages,SnSe@C exhibits a specific capacity of 211.3 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 A g^(−1) after 110 cycles and outstanging rate capability(210.1 mAh g^(−1) at 5.0 A g^(−1) and capacity retention rate of 63.2%from 0.1 to 1.0 A g^(−1)).This study not only proposes an idea for promoting the cycling stability and rate capability of SnSe,but also paves the way for providing anodic materials with a stable structure for SIBs.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021YQ04)Peng is grateful for the project funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M712141)N.Ren acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972148)。
文摘Owing to the significant development in graphene,an increasing number of studies have been conducted to identify novel two-dimensional(2D)organic materials with Dirac cones and topological properties.Although a series of toy models based on specific lattice patterns has been proposed and demonstrated to possess a Dirac cone,realistic materials corresponding to the lattice models must be identified to achieve excellent properties for practical applications.To understand factors contributing to the rarity of 2D organic Dirac materials and provide guidance for identifying novel organic Dirac systems,we review recent theoretical studies pertaining to various 2D Dirac models and their corresponding organic Dirac materials,including the Haldane,Kagome,Libe,linecentered honeycomb,and Cairo pentagonal models.Subsequently,the corresponding structural and topological electronic properties are summarized.Additionally,we investigate the relationship between the existence of Dirac cones and their structural features,as well as the manner by which Dirac points emerge and propagate in these systems.
文摘Gas sensors play a vital role in monitoring environmental pollution for human health,safety,and the detection of various gasses in the environment.Nanostructured metal oxide thin films have been widely used in sensor applications owing to their unique properties.In this study,pure and gold(Au)doped nanostructured tungsten trioxide(WO_(3))films were deposited on glass substrates by electron beam evaporation at room temperature.The microstructure of the WO_(3) films changed from nanoflakes to nanorods upon variation of the wt%of Au.The sensing properties of WO_(3) based nanostructure films were measured using a computer-controlled system.The gas sensing results showed that the Au-doped WO_(3) films exhibited a higher sensitivity than the undoped films.The 15 wt%Au-doped WO_(3) nanostructure films showed high sensitivity towards ethanol and the response(sensitivity)value was 89.The response and recovery times for 15 wt%Au-doped WO_(3) were 8 and 10 s,respectively.
基金M.Arya thanks the Kerala State Council for Science,Technology,and Environment,Government of Kerala,India,for providing a research fellowship(Ref.317)S.Heera thanks the Department of Science and Technology,Government of India(IF200250)for providing a research fellowship via the Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research scheme.Funding from the University Grants Commission(UGC),Government of India,via a UGC-BSR start-up grant(F.30–596/2021(BSR))is also gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Organic-inorganic hybrids are next-generation materials for use in high-performance optoelectronic devices owing to their adaptabilities in terms of design and properties.This article reviews the application of hybrid materials and layers in several widely used optoelectronic devices,i.e.,light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation(LASER),solar cells,and light-emitting diodes(LEDs).The effects of the incorporation of inorganic particles on photostability and optical gain are analyzed in the first section with reference to dye and perovskite lasers.Second,the strategies used in blending inorganic nanostructures into organic solar cells and bulk heterojunctions are analyzed.The use of various organic layers as electron-and hole-transport materials in Si heterojunction solar cells is reviewed in detail.Finally,the benefits of the presence of organic components in quantum-dot-and perovskite-based LEDs are derived from the analysis.The integration of organic and inorganic components with optimal interfaces and morphologies is a challenge in developing hybrid materials with improved efficiencies.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(DP210100422 and FT220100479)National Breast Cancer Foundation,Australia(IIRS-22–104)Scientia Program at UNSW,Sydney。
文摘Micro-/nano-motors(MNMs)or swimmers are minuscule machines that can convert various forms of energy,such as chemical,electrical,or magnetic energy,into motion.These devices have attracted significant attention owing to their potential application in a wide range of fields such as drug delivery,sensing,and microfabrication.However,owing to their diverse shapes,sizes,and structural/chemical compositions,the development of MNMs faces several challenges,such as understanding their structure-function relationships,which is crucial for achieving precise control over their motion within complex environments.In recent years,machine learning techniques have shown promise in addressing these challenges and improving the performance of MNMs.Machine learning techniques can analyze large amounts of data,learn from patterns,and make predictions,thereby enabling MNMs to navigate complex environments,avoid obstacles,and perform tasks with higher efficiency and reliability.This review introduces the current state-of-the-art machine learning techniques in MNM research,with a particular focus on employing machine learning to understand and manipulate the navigation and locomotion of MNMs.Finally,we discuss the challenges and opportunities in this field and suggest future research directions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51802177)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20140)State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,Changsha,China.
文摘Hydrogen energy plays an important role in clean energy system and is considered the core energy source for future technological development owing to its lightweight nature,high calorific value,and clean combustion products.The electrocatalytic conversion of water into hydrogen is considered a highly promising method.An electrocatalyst is indispensable in the electrocatalytic process,and finding an efficient electrocatalyst is essential.However,the current commercial electrocatalysts(such as Pt/C and Ru)are expensive;therefore,there is a need to find an inexpensive and efficient electrocatalyst with high stability,corrosion resistance,and high electrocatalytic efficiency.In this study,we developed a cost-effective bifunctional electrocatalyst by incorporating molybdenum into nickel sulfide(Ni_(3)S_(2))and subsequently tailoring its structure to achieve a one-dimensional(1D)needle-like configuration.The hydrogen production efficiency of nickel sulfide was improved by changing the ratio of Mo doping.By analyzing the electrochemical performance of different Mo-doped catalysts,we found that the Ni_(3)S_(2)-Mo-0.1 electrocatalyst exhibited the best electrocatalytic effect in 1 M KOH;at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),it exhibited overpotentials of 120 and 279 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),respectively;at a higher current density of 100 mA cm^(-2),the HER and OER overpotentials were 396 and 495 mV,respectively.Furthermore,this electrocatalyst can be used in a two-electrode water-splitting system.Finally,we thoroughly investigated the mechanism of the overall water splitting of this electrocatalyst,providing valuable insights for future hydrogen production via overall-water-splitting.
文摘In view of the current study’s demonstration of the synthesis of clay-doped ZnO composites,we present a low-cost method for producing clay-metal oxide(clay/ZnO).Utilizing the solution combustion technique,a composite of clay/ZnO was produced utilizing citric acid as both a fuel and a complexing agent.The hexagonal unit cell structure of the created clay/ZnO may be seen using XRD patterns.The ZnO-infused clay was visible in FE-SEM micrographs as homogenous,sphere-shaped ZnO.The possible involvement of clay/ZnO photocatalytic activity in the UV-induced photodegradation of malachite green dye was investigated.The 90%degradation rate shows the composite’s outstanding photocatalytic degradation capacity.The resulting substance was electrochemically analyzed using a constructed electrode in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte.It increased its sensor capabilities,which now include chemical and biomolecule sensors,and it excelled in cyclic voltammetry-based redox potential studies.To efficiently evaluate chemically synthesized NPs for electrochemical,sensing,and photocatalytic applications,this study intends to create a solution combustion procedure for the synthesis of clay/ZnO nanocomposite using urea as fuel.
基金the Nature Science Foun-dation of Shandong Province(Grant No:ZR2019BEM019)Future Plans of Young Scholars at Shandong University.
文摘Lithium-oxygen batteries(LOBs)have extensive applications because of their ultra-high energy densities.However,the practical application of LOBs is limited by several factors,such as a high overpotential,poor cycle stability,and limited rate capacity.In this paper,we describe the successful uniform loading of Mn_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes(Mn_(3)O_(4)@CNT).CNTs form a conductive network and expose numerous catalytically active sites,and the one-dimensional porous structure provides a convenient channel for the transmission of Li+and O2 in LOBs.The electronic conductivity and electrocatalytic activity of Mn_(3)O_(4)@CNT are significantly better than those of MnO@CNT because of the inherent driving force facilitating charge transfer between different valence metal ions.Therefore,the Mn_(3)O_(4)@CNT cathode obtains a low overpotential(0.76 V at a limited capacity of 1000 mAh g^(-1)),high initial discharge capacity(16895 mAh g^(-1) at 200 mA g^(-1)),and long cycle life(97 cycles at 200 mA g^(-1)).This study provides evidence that transition metal oxides with mixed-valence states are suitable for application as efficient cathodes for LOBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant Nos.52001136,52171179)the project funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671981,2021T140269).
文摘Hierarchical heterostructures have emerged as promising candidates for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics owing to their matched energy levels and tunable absorption bands.Herein,we report the facile synthesis of a heterojunction photocatalyst composed of basic bismuth nitrate(BiON)and BiOCl_(0.9)I_(0.1) using a simple room-temperature hydrolysis method.Our results demonstrate that the BiON/BiOCl_(0.9)I_(0.1) composite exhibits superior photodegradation performance compared to pure-phase materials owing to the catalytic enhancement at the heterointerface and the effective separation of the photogenerated carriers.Moreover,the unique three-dimensional microsphere morphology of the synthesized composite enhances its specific surface area and light absorption,further enhancing its photocatalytic activity.In the tetracycline(TC)photodegradation reaction as a model reaction,the catalyst could degrade 88%of TC in just 25 min.Overall,this work provides a promising strategy for the facile and low-cost synthesis of heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation materials.
文摘The sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),an essential half-reaction of water splitting,lead to high OER overpotential and low energy-conversion efficiency,hampering its industrial application.Therefore,considerable attention has been paid to the development of efficient catalysts to accelerate the OER.In this study,we synthesized the high-entropy oxides[(FeCoNiMnV)_(x)O]and used them as efficient OER catalysts.A simple oil-phase method was used to synthesize(FeCoNiMnV)_(x)O.The catalytic performances of the(FeCoNiMnV)_(x)O catalysts were modified by tuning the reaction temperature.The optimized(FeCoNiMnV)_(x)O catalyst exhibited multiple elemental interactions and abundant exposed active sites,leading to an overpotential of approximately 264 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) in 1 M KOH and stability of 50 h at 1000 mA cm^(-2).Thus,a highly active OER catalyst was synthesized.This study provides an efficient approach for the synthesis of high-entropy oxides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(No.22269010)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20224BAB214021)+1 种基金the Training Program for Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Disciplines in Jiangxi Province(No.20212BCJ23020)the Science and Technology Project of the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(No.GJJ211305).
文摘The development of MXene-based heterostructures for electrocatalysis has garnered significant attention owing to their potential as high-performance catalysts that play a pivotal role in hydrogen energy.Herein,we present a multistep strategy for the synthesis of a Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene ribbon/NiFePx@graphitic N-doped carbon(NC)heterostructure that enables the formation of three-dimensional(3D)Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene ribbon networks and bimetallic phosphide nanoarrays.With the assistance of HF etching and KOH shearing,the MXene sheets were successfully transformed into 3D MXene networks with interlaced MXene ribbons.Notably,a hydrothermal method,ion exchange route,and phosphorization process were used to anchor NiFeP_(x)@NC nanocubes derived from Ni(OH)_(2)/NiFe-based Prussian blue(NiFe-PB)onto the MXene ribbon network.The resulting MXene ribbon/NiFeP_(x)@NC heterostructure demonstrated enhanced oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity,characterized by a low overpotential(164 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2))and a low Tafel slope(45 mV dec^(-1)).At the same time,the MXene ribbons/NiFeP_(x)@NC heterostructure exhibited outstanding long-term stability,with a 12 mV potential decay after 5000 cyclic voltammetry(CV)cycles.This study provides a robust pathway for the design of efficient MXene-based heterostructured electrocatalysts for water splitting.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LR20E020001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52073252,52002052,U20A20253,21972127,22279116)+5 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2023C01231)the Key Research and Development Project of Sci-ence and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(Grant no.2022YFSY0004)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant Nos.LY21E040001,LD22E020006,and LY21E020005)the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion(Grant No.J20-21-909)the State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials(Grant No.SKL2021-12)the Key Laboratory of Engineering Dielectrics and Its Application(Harbin University of Science and Technology),Ministry of Education(Grant No.KFM 202202).
文摘Metal-ion(Li-,Na-,Zn-,K-,Mg-,and Al-ion)batteries(MIBs)play an important role in realizing the goals of“emission peak and carbon neutralization”because of their green production techniques,lower pollution,high voltage,and large energy density.Carbon-based materials are indispensable for developing MIBs and are widely adopted as active or auxiliary materials in the anodes and cathodes.For example,carbon-based materials,includ-ing graphite,Si/C and hard carbon,have been used as anode materials for Li-and Na-ion batteries.Carbon can also be used as a conductive coating for cathodes,such as in LiFePO 4/C,to achieve better performance.In addition,as new high-valence MIBs(Zn-,Al-,and Mg-ion)have emerged,a growing number of novel carbon-based mate-rials have been utilized to construct high-performance MIBs.Herein,we discuss the recent development trends in advanced carbon-based materials for MIBs.The impact of the structure properties of advanced carbon-based materials on energy storage is addressed,and a perspective on their development is also proposed.
基金The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12004278)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J06035)the Ministry of Education,Singapore,under its ARC Tier 2 program(Award T2EP-50122-0007).
文摘The realization of long-range magnetic ordering in two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals systems significantly expands the scope of the 2D family as well as their possible spin-related phenomena and device applications.The atomically thin nature of 2D materials makes their magnetically ordered states sensitive to local environments,and this necessitates advanced characterization at the atomic scale.Here,we briefly review several representative 2D magnetic systems,namely,iron chalcogenides,chromium chalcogenides,chromium trihalides,and their het-erostructures.With powerful scanning-probe microscopy,atomically resolved characterization of their crystalline configurations,electronic structures,and magnetization distributions has been achieved,and novel phenomena such as giant tunneling magnetoresistance and topological superconductivity have been observed.Finally,we discuss the challenges and new perspectives in this flourishing field.
