Additive manufacturing(AM) of Ni-base superalloy components can lead to a significant reduction of weight in aerospace applications. AM of IN718 by selective laser melting results in a very fine dendritic microstructu...Additive manufacturing(AM) of Ni-base superalloy components can lead to a significant reduction of weight in aerospace applications. AM of IN718 by selective laser melting results in a very fine dendritic microstructure with a high dislocation density due to the fast solidification process. The complex phase composition of this alloy, with three different types of precipitates and high residual stresses, necessitates adjustment of the conventional heat treatment for AM parts. To find an optimized heat treatment, the microstructures and mechanical properties of differently solution heat-treated samples were investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, including electron backscatter diffraction, and compression tests. After a solution heat treatment(SHT), the Nb-rich Laves phase dissolves and the dislocation density is reduced, which eliminates the dendritic substructure. SHT at 930 or 954°C leads to the precipitation of the δ-phase, which reduces the volume fraction of the strengthening γ′-and γ′′-phases formed during the subsequent two stage aging treatment. With a higher SHT temperature of 1000°C, where no δ-phase is precipitated, higher γ′ and γ′′ volume fractions are achieved, which results in the optimum strength of all of the solution heat treated conditions.展开更多
This article delves into the intricate relationship between cognitive science and embodied cognition, offering transformative philosophical insights with profound implications for our understanding of the mind-body co...This article delves into the intricate relationship between cognitive science and embodied cognition, offering transformative philosophical insights with profound implications for our understanding of the mind-body connection. In response to the journal’s feedback, we have enhanced the abstract to provide a more comprehensive overview of our study. Background: We trace the historical evolution of ideas, from the inception of cognitive science rooted in analytic philosophy to the groundbreaking contributions of Rodney Brooks and others in the field of artificial intelligence. We also explore the work of scholars such as Agre, Chapman, and Dreyfus, shedding light on the role of cognitive metaphor and the concept of the cognitive unconscious in shaping our understanding of embodied cognition. Purpose: Our study aims to shed light on the central theme that unites these various strands of thought—the rejection of the traditional, transcendental view of the subject in favor of the concept of an embodied subject. This embodied subject actively engages with its environment, shaping consciousness and cognition. This shift in perspective challenges classical epistemological theories and opens new avenues for inquiry. Method: We have conducted a comprehensive literature review to explore the historical development and key concepts in the field of embodied cognition, with a particular focus on the philosophical underpinnings and their integration into cognitive science. Results: Our examination of embodied cognition reveals that the mind is intimately connected to the body, with cognition emerging through interactions with the environment and perceptual experiences. This perspective challenges reductionist notions and demonstrates that mental states cannot be reduced to brain states alone. We also explore the relationship between functionalism and computational states of the brain, illustrating that mental states can be understood in the context of mathematical functions. Conclusion: In conclusion, this paper highlights 展开更多
Several recent business reports have described the global growth in demand for optical and photonic components,paralleled by technical reports on the growing shortage of skilled manufacturing staff to meet this demand...Several recent business reports have described the global growth in demand for optical and photonic components,paralleled by technical reports on the growing shortage of skilled manufacturing staff to meet this demand.It is remarkable that producing ultraprecision surfaces remains so dependent on people,in contrast to other sectors of the economy,e.g.,car manufacturing.Clearly,training can play some role,but ultimately,only process automation can provide the solution.This paper explores why automation is a challenge and summarizes multidisciplinary work aiming to assemble the building blocks required to realize automation.展开更多
Ground movements caused by the construction of tunnels and excavation are inevitable.Estimation of such movements is a very important for risk management in tunnel design.This paper presents a case study of ground set...Ground movements caused by the construction of tunnels and excavation are inevitable.Estimation of such movements is a very important for risk management in tunnel design.This paper presents a case study of ground settlements induced by twin shield tunnelling in Copenhagen using analytical and numerical methods and their predictions.The predictions are compared with the monitored settlements.The comparison shows that the predictions are sufficiently conservative.展开更多
In der Studie wurden 20 Patienten mit AV-Reentry Tachykardie unter Einbezug einer mittelseptalen gelegenen atrioventricul ren akzessorischen Leitungsbahn(MS) eingeschlossen, die seit 4 Jahren in unserem Elektrophysio...In der Studie wurden 20 Patienten mit AV-Reentry Tachykardie unter Einbezug einer mittelseptalen gelegenen atrioventricul ren akzessorischen Leitungsbahn(MS) eingeschlossen, die seit 4 Jahren in unserem Elektrophysiologischen Untersuchungslabor mittels Katheters erfolgreich abladiert wurden. Die 20 Patienten hatten 26 akzessorische Leitungsbahnen. Daunter waren 21 MS (rechtsmittelseptal (RMS) zu linksmittelseptal(LMS)=17:4). 18 akzessorische Leitungsbahnen waren offen. Die Lokalisation der akzessorischen Leitungsbahnen wurde aufgrund der Stelle erfolgreich abladiert bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, da die RMS und LMS den gleichen Charakter in den meisten Ableitungen des EKGs hatten, und jedoch der wenige Unterschied bei diesen beiden akzessorischen Lritungsbahnen besteht. Wenn die positive Polaritat der Delta Welle in der Ableitung V 1 bei der Patienten mit MS auftritt, mu sich berlegen, ob die M glichkeit der Lokalisation der akzessorischen Leitungsbahn im Linksmittelseptum besteht.展开更多
The reaction between high purity nickel (99.999%) and high purity tin (99.999%) was investigated in the temperature range of 232℃ - 330℃, at short periods of annealing (1 - 60 s). The reaction kinetic was studied us...The reaction between high purity nickel (99.999%) and high purity tin (99.999%) was investigated in the temperature range of 232℃ - 330℃, at short periods of annealing (1 - 60 s). The reaction kinetic was studied using cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The intermetallic compound (IMC) growth was analyzed using the empirical power law and a time dependence in the range of 0.26 to 0.33 was found. The morphology of the IMC was investigated by SEM in the temperature range of 235℃ - 290℃, at annealing periods of 10 s, 30 s, and 60 s by selectively etching away the remaining elementary tin. The exposed IMC displays a change in morphology with increasing annealing temperature, demonstrating that the growth velocity of certain crystallographic orientations of the IMC is strongly influenced by the annealing temperature. Additionally, coarsening and crumbling of the IMC grains is observed, and will be discussed with respect to the responsible mechanisms.展开更多
One promising joining method for NiTi-SMA （shape memory alloy）-components is laser welding. This joining technology bears huge potential regarding process automation and mechanical properties as well as durability, ...One promising joining method for NiTi-SMA （shape memory alloy）-components is laser welding. This joining technology bears huge potential regarding process automation and mechanical properties as well as durability, especially within the field of small- and medium-sized actuators. However, there is still need for research due to unsolved issues influencing the microstructure and thus effecting mechanical properties as well as SMA-characteristics of these joints. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is the evaluation of quality parameters of NiTi-NiTi-wire-joints. For this purpose, design of experiments with a fractional factorial design is used for the investigation, because of its high potential to decrease experimental effort. This paper provides a basis for future research in the field of SMA-actuators and joining.展开更多
An advanced edge-based method of feature detection and extraction is developed for object description in digital images. It is useful for the comparison of different images of the same scene in aerial imagery, for des...An advanced edge-based method of feature detection and extraction is developed for object description in digital images. It is useful for the comparison of different images of the same scene in aerial imagery, for describing and recognizing categories, for automatic building extraction and for finding the mutual regions in image matching. The method includes directional filtering and searching for straight edge segments in every direction and scale, taking into account edge gradient signs. Line segments are ordered with respect to their orientation and average gradients in the region in question. These segments are used for the construction of an object descriptor. A hierarchical set of feature descriptors is developed, taking into consideration the proposed straight line segment detector. Comparative performance is evaluated on the noisy model and in real aerial and satellite imagery.展开更多
An ultra-fast laser with central wavelength at 1064?nm and 10?ps pulse duration?was used to tightly focus laser radiation?with a microscope objective inside the volume of nucleated Lithium Aluminosilicate (LAS) glass-...An ultra-fast laser with central wavelength at 1064?nm and 10?ps pulse duration?was used to tightly focus laser radiation?with a microscope objective inside the volume of nucleated Lithium Aluminosilicate (LAS) glass-ceramic. The nonlinear absorption?of the LAS glass-ceramic was measured?for different laser parameters and a thermal simulation was performed to determine the temperature field inside the laser-modified area. After laser processing,?the samples were crystallized in a furnace and the effect of the laser-induced modifications on the microstructure was analyzed with SEM. The SEM analysis shows an increase in the length and size of whisker-shaped?β-spodumene crystals in the laser-modified area. By increasing the dimension of these whisker-shaped crystals, the flexural strength of LAS can be improved locally.?First?four-point bending flexural tests were performed to examine the influence on the mechanical properties.展开更多
In this investigation, the influence of a thin gold (Au) layer on the growth behavior of the intermetallic compound (IMC) in a Nickel-Tin-Solder (NiSn-Solder) was studied. The reaction kinetics was studied in the temp...In this investigation, the influence of a thin gold (Au) layer on the growth behavior of the intermetallic compound (IMC) in a Nickel-Tin-Solder (NiSn-Solder) was studied. The reaction kinetics was studied in the temperature range of 232℃ to 330℃ using cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The kinetics of the reaction was determined using the empirical power law and the research showed that the introduction of an Au layer changes the reaction kinetics of the solder significantly. Furthermore, the change in reaction kinetics was accompanied by a change in morphology of the developing grains. The grain morphology of the IMC was studied for samples annealed at 290℃using cross-sectional and top-view samples and compared to Au free NiSn-Solder.展开更多
The modern characterizing techniques, which were used forthe determination of the structure of pharmaceutical substancesand products in this presentation, were small angleX-ray scattering (SAXS), photon correlation sp...The modern characterizing techniques, which were used forthe determination of the structure of pharmaceutical substancesand products in this presentation, were small angleX-ray scattering (SAXS), photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS)and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Different pharmaceutical substances and products such asmodel membranes from fishes, reptiles or carrier systems suchas liposomes, emulsion, and self-emulsifying drug deliverysystems (SEDDs) were characterized in our group by using SAXSfrom a synchrotron source.展开更多
Die Prim rstabilit t von Pedikelschrauben im Knochen h ngt in hohem Masse von der Knochendichte ab. Die Augmentation mit Zement ist ein klinisch einsetzbares Verfahren, um die Schrauben Verankerung...Die Prim rstabilit t von Pedikelschrauben im Knochen h ngt in hohem Masse von der Knochendichte ab. Die Augmentation mit Zement ist ein klinisch einsetzbares Verfahren, um die Schrauben Verankerung im osteoporotischen Knochen zu verbessern.In dieser Studie wurde eine neuartiges resorbierbares Knochenersatzmaterial (α BSM TM ) für diese Augmentation benutzt. Biomechanische Testungen wurden in vitro bei 16 Lendwirbelk rpern (L3-L5) aus 6 Individuen(75,2±13,7 Jahre) durchgeführt. Vor der biomechanischen Testung wurde bei allen Pr paraten die trabekul re Knochendichte mittels pQCT gemessen und beide Pedikel mit USS Pedikelschrauben (5,0 mm × 45 mm) besetzt, von welchen eine mit α BSM TM augmentiert war. Beim axialen Auszugstest wurden die maximale axiale Auszugskraft (F max) sowie die Energieaufnahme bestimmt. Der Medianwert der F max stieg beim Auszugstest durch die Zementierung mit α BSM TM um 80 % von 370 N (ohne Zement) auf 665 N (mit Zement). Die Energieaufnahme bis zum Erreichen der F max (E F max) und bei Dislokation bis 2,0 mm (E 2 mm) steigerte sich ebenfalls um 83 % und 68 %. Die Unterschiede waren signifikant. (Wilcoxon′s Test, P <0,01) Die Ausreisskrafte F max (ohne oder mit Zement) korrelierten eng mit der Knochendichte ( r =0,9056 und r =0,9585). Unsere Resultate zeigen, da eine Augmentation mit dem α BSM TM die primare Stabilitat von Pedikelschrauben verbessern kann. Der Effekt scheint auf einer Optimierung der Kontaktfl che und einer Aussteifung der schraubennahen Spongiosa zu beruhen. Das Material k nnte geeignet sein, die Verankerung von Pedikelschrauben bei osteoporotischen Patieten zu verbessern.展开更多
Objectives: Aging workforces with increasing numbers of chronic conditions require health initiatives with greater workplace focus. A regional pension insurance introduced a Return To Work (RTW) strategy for insurants...Objectives: Aging workforces with increasing numbers of chronic conditions require health initiatives with greater workplace focus. A regional pension insurance introduced a Return To Work (RTW) strategy for insurants with chronic conditions. The objective was to identify the degree of implementation of work related measures in medical rehabilitation and the extent of RTW outcomes. Methods: 5883 insurants were considered. Severe Restriction of Work Ability (SRWA), Work-related Medical Rehabilitation (WMR), and Case Management (CM) were examined for 2008 and 2012. An Index of Employment status (IoE) was used in a logistic regression. Results: Utilization of WMR raised from 12.3% in 2008 to 66.1% in 2012. The proportion of insurants with SRWA and WMR grew from 8% up to 40.1%. In 2008, 14.7% of insurants with SRWA received WMR;in 2012, it grew to 76.6%. On the other hand, in 2012 26% got WMR without SRWA and 12.2% had SRWA and got no WMR. CM was not conducted in 2008 but reached 20.2% in 2012. Across all indications, WMR resulted in positive RTW as measured by IoE: OR = 0.75 (KI-95%: 0.67 - 0.86). Conclusion: WMR was successfully implemented according to the German guideline. There is a need to optimize the linkage between SRWA and WMR and CM to provide need-based care.展开更多
The hyperfine (hf) structure constants of three atomic niobium energy levels in the energy range around 23000 cm-1 (at 22936.90, 23010.58, and 23048.58 cm-1) are known with only limited accuracy, and the constants of ...The hyperfine (hf) structure constants of three atomic niobium energy levels in the energy range around 23000 cm-1 (at 22936.90, 23010.58, and 23048.58 cm-1) are known with only limited accuracy, and the constants of combining levels are sometimes even unknown. Thus we performed laser spectroscopic investigations in the wavelength range between 5600 and 6500 Å, and we excited altogether 16 transitions in which these lower levels are involved. Beside a more precise determination of the hf structure constants of the three lower levels (which were determined on several lines sharing a common upper level), these experiments led to the knowledge of the hf constants of nine levels with previously unknown constants. Beside these results, also the hf constants of 13 further energy levels are reported. For six of these levels, the constants were previously unknown.展开更多
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM) of Ni-base superalloy components can lead to a significant reduction of weight in aerospace applications. AM of IN718 by selective laser melting results in a very fine dendritic microstructure with a high dislocation density due to the fast solidification process. The complex phase composition of this alloy, with three different types of precipitates and high residual stresses, necessitates adjustment of the conventional heat treatment for AM parts. To find an optimized heat treatment, the microstructures and mechanical properties of differently solution heat-treated samples were investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, including electron backscatter diffraction, and compression tests. After a solution heat treatment(SHT), the Nb-rich Laves phase dissolves and the dislocation density is reduced, which eliminates the dendritic substructure. SHT at 930 or 954°C leads to the precipitation of the δ-phase, which reduces the volume fraction of the strengthening γ′-and γ′′-phases formed during the subsequent two stage aging treatment. With a higher SHT temperature of 1000°C, where no δ-phase is precipitated, higher γ′ and γ′′ volume fractions are achieved, which results in the optimum strength of all of the solution heat treated conditions.
文摘This article delves into the intricate relationship between cognitive science and embodied cognition, offering transformative philosophical insights with profound implications for our understanding of the mind-body connection. In response to the journal’s feedback, we have enhanced the abstract to provide a more comprehensive overview of our study. Background: We trace the historical evolution of ideas, from the inception of cognitive science rooted in analytic philosophy to the groundbreaking contributions of Rodney Brooks and others in the field of artificial intelligence. We also explore the work of scholars such as Agre, Chapman, and Dreyfus, shedding light on the role of cognitive metaphor and the concept of the cognitive unconscious in shaping our understanding of embodied cognition. Purpose: Our study aims to shed light on the central theme that unites these various strands of thought—the rejection of the traditional, transcendental view of the subject in favor of the concept of an embodied subject. This embodied subject actively engages with its environment, shaping consciousness and cognition. This shift in perspective challenges classical epistemological theories and opens new avenues for inquiry. Method: We have conducted a comprehensive literature review to explore the historical development and key concepts in the field of embodied cognition, with a particular focus on the philosophical underpinnings and their integration into cognitive science. Results: Our examination of embodied cognition reveals that the mind is intimately connected to the body, with cognition emerging through interactions with the environment and perceptual experiences. This perspective challenges reductionist notions and demonstrates that mental states cannot be reduced to brain states alone. We also explore the relationship between functionalism and computational states of the brain, illustrating that mental states can be understood in the context of mathematical functions. Conclusion: In conclusion, this paper highlights
基金Funding was provided by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(Grant Nos.EP/V029304/1,EP/V029274/1,EP/V029266/1,EP/V029401/1)Innovate UK(Grant No.10029272).
文摘Several recent business reports have described the global growth in demand for optical and photonic components,paralleled by technical reports on the growing shortage of skilled manufacturing staff to meet this demand.It is remarkable that producing ultraprecision surfaces remains so dependent on people,in contrast to other sectors of the economy,e.g.,car manufacturing.Clearly,training can play some role,but ultimately,only process automation can provide the solution.This paper explores why automation is a challenge and summarizes multidisciplinary work aiming to assemble the building blocks required to realize automation.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51938008,52090084)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2021T140475).
文摘Ground movements caused by the construction of tunnels and excavation are inevitable.Estimation of such movements is a very important for risk management in tunnel design.This paper presents a case study of ground settlements induced by twin shield tunnelling in Copenhagen using analytical and numerical methods and their predictions.The predictions are compared with the monitored settlements.The comparison shows that the predictions are sufficiently conservative.
文摘In der Studie wurden 20 Patienten mit AV-Reentry Tachykardie unter Einbezug einer mittelseptalen gelegenen atrioventricul ren akzessorischen Leitungsbahn(MS) eingeschlossen, die seit 4 Jahren in unserem Elektrophysiologischen Untersuchungslabor mittels Katheters erfolgreich abladiert wurden. Die 20 Patienten hatten 26 akzessorische Leitungsbahnen. Daunter waren 21 MS (rechtsmittelseptal (RMS) zu linksmittelseptal(LMS)=17:4). 18 akzessorische Leitungsbahnen waren offen. Die Lokalisation der akzessorischen Leitungsbahnen wurde aufgrund der Stelle erfolgreich abladiert bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, da die RMS und LMS den gleichen Charakter in den meisten Ableitungen des EKGs hatten, und jedoch der wenige Unterschied bei diesen beiden akzessorischen Lritungsbahnen besteht. Wenn die positive Polaritat der Delta Welle in der Ableitung V 1 bei der Patienten mit MS auftritt, mu sich berlegen, ob die M glichkeit der Lokalisation der akzessorischen Leitungsbahn im Linksmittelseptum besteht.
文摘The reaction between high purity nickel (99.999%) and high purity tin (99.999%) was investigated in the temperature range of 232℃ - 330℃, at short periods of annealing (1 - 60 s). The reaction kinetic was studied using cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The intermetallic compound (IMC) growth was analyzed using the empirical power law and a time dependence in the range of 0.26 to 0.33 was found. The morphology of the IMC was investigated by SEM in the temperature range of 235℃ - 290℃, at annealing periods of 10 s, 30 s, and 60 s by selectively etching away the remaining elementary tin. The exposed IMC displays a change in morphology with increasing annealing temperature, demonstrating that the growth velocity of certain crystallographic orientations of the IMC is strongly influenced by the annealing temperature. Additionally, coarsening and crumbling of the IMC grains is observed, and will be discussed with respect to the responsible mechanisms.
文摘One promising joining method for NiTi-SMA （shape memory alloy）-components is laser welding. This joining technology bears huge potential regarding process automation and mechanical properties as well as durability, especially within the field of small- and medium-sized actuators. However, there is still need for research due to unsolved issues influencing the microstructure and thus effecting mechanical properties as well as SMA-characteristics of these joints. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is the evaluation of quality parameters of NiTi-NiTi-wire-joints. For this purpose, design of experiments with a fractional factorial design is used for the investigation, because of its high potential to decrease experimental effort. This paper provides a basis for future research in the field of SMA-actuators and joining.
文摘An advanced edge-based method of feature detection and extraction is developed for object description in digital images. It is useful for the comparison of different images of the same scene in aerial imagery, for describing and recognizing categories, for automatic building extraction and for finding the mutual regions in image matching. The method includes directional filtering and searching for straight edge segments in every direction and scale, taking into account edge gradient signs. Line segments are ordered with respect to their orientation and average gradients in the region in question. These segments are used for the construction of an object descriptor. A hierarchical set of feature descriptors is developed, taking into consideration the proposed straight line segment detector. Comparative performance is evaluated on the noisy model and in real aerial and satellite imagery.
文摘An ultra-fast laser with central wavelength at 1064?nm and 10?ps pulse duration?was used to tightly focus laser radiation?with a microscope objective inside the volume of nucleated Lithium Aluminosilicate (LAS) glass-ceramic. The nonlinear absorption?of the LAS glass-ceramic was measured?for different laser parameters and a thermal simulation was performed to determine the temperature field inside the laser-modified area. After laser processing,?the samples were crystallized in a furnace and the effect of the laser-induced modifications on the microstructure was analyzed with SEM. The SEM analysis shows an increase in the length and size of whisker-shaped?β-spodumene crystals in the laser-modified area. By increasing the dimension of these whisker-shaped crystals, the flexural strength of LAS can be improved locally.?First?four-point bending flexural tests were performed to examine the influence on the mechanical properties.
文摘In this investigation, the influence of a thin gold (Au) layer on the growth behavior of the intermetallic compound (IMC) in a Nickel-Tin-Solder (NiSn-Solder) was studied. The reaction kinetics was studied in the temperature range of 232℃ to 330℃ using cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The kinetics of the reaction was determined using the empirical power law and the research showed that the introduction of an Au layer changes the reaction kinetics of the solder significantly. Furthermore, the change in reaction kinetics was accompanied by a change in morphology of the developing grains. The grain morphology of the IMC was studied for samples annealed at 290℃using cross-sectional and top-view samples and compared to Au free NiSn-Solder.
文摘The modern characterizing techniques, which were used forthe determination of the structure of pharmaceutical substancesand products in this presentation, were small angleX-ray scattering (SAXS), photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS)and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Different pharmaceutical substances and products such asmodel membranes from fishes, reptiles or carrier systems suchas liposomes, emulsion, and self-emulsifying drug deliverysystems (SEDDs) were characterized in our group by using SAXSfrom a synchrotron source.
文摘Die Prim rstabilit t von Pedikelschrauben im Knochen h ngt in hohem Masse von der Knochendichte ab. Die Augmentation mit Zement ist ein klinisch einsetzbares Verfahren, um die Schrauben Verankerung im osteoporotischen Knochen zu verbessern.In dieser Studie wurde eine neuartiges resorbierbares Knochenersatzmaterial (α BSM TM ) für diese Augmentation benutzt. Biomechanische Testungen wurden in vitro bei 16 Lendwirbelk rpern (L3-L5) aus 6 Individuen(75,2±13,7 Jahre) durchgeführt. Vor der biomechanischen Testung wurde bei allen Pr paraten die trabekul re Knochendichte mittels pQCT gemessen und beide Pedikel mit USS Pedikelschrauben (5,0 mm × 45 mm) besetzt, von welchen eine mit α BSM TM augmentiert war. Beim axialen Auszugstest wurden die maximale axiale Auszugskraft (F max) sowie die Energieaufnahme bestimmt. Der Medianwert der F max stieg beim Auszugstest durch die Zementierung mit α BSM TM um 80 % von 370 N (ohne Zement) auf 665 N (mit Zement). Die Energieaufnahme bis zum Erreichen der F max (E F max) und bei Dislokation bis 2,0 mm (E 2 mm) steigerte sich ebenfalls um 83 % und 68 %. Die Unterschiede waren signifikant. (Wilcoxon′s Test, P <0,01) Die Ausreisskrafte F max (ohne oder mit Zement) korrelierten eng mit der Knochendichte ( r =0,9056 und r =0,9585). Unsere Resultate zeigen, da eine Augmentation mit dem α BSM TM die primare Stabilitat von Pedikelschrauben verbessern kann. Der Effekt scheint auf einer Optimierung der Kontaktfl che und einer Aussteifung der schraubennahen Spongiosa zu beruhen. Das Material k nnte geeignet sein, die Verankerung von Pedikelschrauben bei osteoporotischen Patieten zu verbessern.
文摘Objectives: Aging workforces with increasing numbers of chronic conditions require health initiatives with greater workplace focus. A regional pension insurance introduced a Return To Work (RTW) strategy for insurants with chronic conditions. The objective was to identify the degree of implementation of work related measures in medical rehabilitation and the extent of RTW outcomes. Methods: 5883 insurants were considered. Severe Restriction of Work Ability (SRWA), Work-related Medical Rehabilitation (WMR), and Case Management (CM) were examined for 2008 and 2012. An Index of Employment status (IoE) was used in a logistic regression. Results: Utilization of WMR raised from 12.3% in 2008 to 66.1% in 2012. The proportion of insurants with SRWA and WMR grew from 8% up to 40.1%. In 2008, 14.7% of insurants with SRWA received WMR;in 2012, it grew to 76.6%. On the other hand, in 2012 26% got WMR without SRWA and 12.2% had SRWA and got no WMR. CM was not conducted in 2008 but reached 20.2% in 2012. Across all indications, WMR resulted in positive RTW as measured by IoE: OR = 0.75 (KI-95%: 0.67 - 0.86). Conclusion: WMR was successfully implemented according to the German guideline. There is a need to optimize the linkage between SRWA and WMR and CM to provide need-based care.
文摘The hyperfine (hf) structure constants of three atomic niobium energy levels in the energy range around 23000 cm-1 (at 22936.90, 23010.58, and 23048.58 cm-1) are known with only limited accuracy, and the constants of combining levels are sometimes even unknown. Thus we performed laser spectroscopic investigations in the wavelength range between 5600 and 6500 Å, and we excited altogether 16 transitions in which these lower levels are involved. Beside a more precise determination of the hf structure constants of the three lower levels (which were determined on several lines sharing a common upper level), these experiments led to the knowledge of the hf constants of nine levels with previously unknown constants. Beside these results, also the hf constants of 13 further energy levels are reported. For six of these levels, the constants were previously unknown.
