Gastroenteritis constitutes a group of diarrheal diseases of infectious origin, responsible for absenteeism from work, morbidity and mortality, especially among aged people. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacter...Gastroenteritis constitutes a group of diarrheal diseases of infectious origin, responsible for absenteeism from work, morbidity and mortality, especially among aged people. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Mitragyna inermis extracts on the in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa involved in gastroenteritis. Phytochemical screening was carried out using two distinct methods. The detection of phytochemical compounds by tube coloring and chromatography on a thin layer of silica gel. The sensitivity of organisms was evaluated by the agar well method. The dilution method in liquid medium coupled with spreading on Mueller Hinton agar helped determine the CMB/MIC activity ratios. The investigations show that the extract has the best extraction yield (75.86% ± 0.20%) compared to the aqueous macerated (61.8% ± 0.08%) and decocted (66.6% ± 0.12%). These extracts contain several phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, alkaloids, saponosides, coumarins and sterols and terpenes. These substances are endowed with biological activities and could be at the origin of antibacterial activity observed with M. inermis extracts. The analysis of antibacterial activity showed that the germs are sensitive to the extracts with inhibition diameters ranging from 8.30 ± 0.53 to 17.87 ± 0.58 mm. The ethanolic extract was the most active with diameters varying from 15.07 ± 0.62 to 17.87 ± 0.58 mm on all the germs tested. E. coli and S. aureus were the most sensitive germs to the extracts. P. aeruginosa was the least sensitive germ. Activity reports indicate that the extracts exert bactericidal activity on E. coli and S. aureus but bacteriostatic activity on P. aeruginosa. These results justify the use of M. inermis leaves in a traditional environment to treat gastroenteritis.展开更多
Rice is one of the most widely cultivated cereals in the world, and its aroma is increasingly in demand. With the advancement of research, a major rice flavor gene has been identified on rice chromosome 8. It encodes ...Rice is one of the most widely cultivated cereals in the world, and its aroma is increasingly in demand. With the advancement of research, a major rice flavor gene has been identified on rice chromosome 8. It encodes non-functional betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase leading to the accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline which is the major olfactory compound that confers the fragrant character to rice. The aroma of rice is considered a special trait of enormous economic importance that determines the prime price in world trade. To satisfy the needs of the population and reduce rice imports into Benin, we conducted this study to identify aromatic rice accessions grown in Benin. Seventy-two rice accessions collected across Benin were PCR amplified with three SSR markers RM 7049, Aro 7, and RM 223, linked to the fgr (fragrance of rice) aroma gene. Molecular analysis revealed that 12 of the 72 accessions, namely Bagou 19, Bagou 22, Tchaka 34, Foun 15, Tchaka 41, Nana 32, Kan 61, Kung 69, Kung 67, Bagou 20, Agbab 101 and Koum 55 possess the fgr gene and can be considered as aromatic rice accessions. A sensory phenotypic test using KOH was carried out on rice accessions carrying fgr gene. Of the twelve positives, only one had the smell of aromatic rice, like the Azucena control. These results show that Benin also has aromatic rice varieties that can be sold on national and international markets.展开更多
Pressure on land tenure is having a negative impact on the coconut sector, reducing farmers’ incomes. Intercropping cultivars plantain under coconut based has been considered as a solution to this problem. The aim of...Pressure on land tenure is having a negative impact on the coconut sector, reducing farmers’ incomes. Intercropping cultivars plantain under coconut based has been considered as a solution to this problem. The aim of this work is to diversify the sources of income for coconut growers. The plantain variety PITA 3, popularised by the CNRA, was grown in coconut inter-rows (PB113<sup>+</sup>), with two types of manure (chemical, organic). Six (06) treatments D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6 were studied. In the tenth month after planting, treatment D3, which included banana plants fertilised with 9 kg of manure/plant, got the best agromorphological performance: height (264.08 cm), neck circumference (57.68 cm) and 12 leaves. In terms of production parameters, D3 banana plants had a shorter production cycle (347 days) and the highest diet mass (9.3 kg). However, the plants that received no fertiliser (D6) showed stunted growth and were unable to produce brunch. The fertilization of plantain with 10 t/ha of laying hen droppings permitted good development and production of plantains on tertiary sands.展开更多
The aim was to evaluate the potential of mucus-permeating nanoparticles for the oral administration of insulin.These nanocarriers,based on the coating of zein nanoparticles with a polymer conjugate containing PEG,disp...The aim was to evaluate the potential of mucus-permeating nanoparticles for the oral administration of insulin.These nanocarriers,based on the coating of zein nanoparticles with a polymer conjugate containing PEG,displayed a size of 260 nm with a negative surface charge and an insulin payload of 77 mg/mg.In intestinal pig mucus,the diffusivity of these nanoparticles(PPA-NPs)was found to be 20-fold higher than bare nanoparticles(NPs).These results were in line with the biodistribution study in rats,in which NPs remained trapped in the mucus,whereas PPA-NPs were able to cross this layer and reach the epithelium surface.The therapeutic effcacy was evaluated in Caenorhabditis elegans grown under high glucose conditions.In this model,worms treated with insulin-loaded in PPA-NPs displayed a longer lifespan than those treated with insulin free or nanoencapsulated in NPs.This finding was associated with a signifcant reduction in the formation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)as well as an important decrease in the glucose and fat content in worms.These effects would be related with the mucus-permeating ability of PPA-NPs that would facilitate the passage through the intestinal peritrophic-like dense layer of worms(similar to mucus)and,thus,the absorption of insulin.展开更多
Para-amino benzoic acid(PABA),a folic acid related metabolite,was first introduced to fabricate micro-grooves and improve hydrophilicity over surfaces of carbon fibers(CFs).Then,engineered CFs/poly(lactic acid)-poly(e...Para-amino benzoic acid(PABA),a folic acid related metabolite,was first introduced to fabricate micro-grooves and improve hydrophilicity over surfaces of carbon fibers(CFs).Then,engineered CFs/poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)(PLA-PEG) biocomposites were fabricated by a solvent casting/particulate leaching method.We found that introducing small hydrophobic PABA molecules and fabricating patterned structures would lead to benign integrated interfaces between CFs and the PLA-PEG matrix.Specifically,the compressive strength of CFs/PLA-PEG was improved from 3.98 to 5.48 MPa.In addition,the CFs/PLA-PEG biocomposites significantly accelerated the adhesion and proliferation of pre-osteoblasts with minimized cytotoxidty.By comparing the cyto-compatibility of L929 and MC_3T_3 cells cultured on different modified PLA-PEG composites,it could be concluded that PABA-CFs not only overcame the limitation of poor strength of PLA-PEG,but also improved the cell growth.These results indicate that the PABA-CFs reinforced PLA-PEG biocomposites could be a potential alternative for tissue engineering scaffolds.展开更多
文摘Gastroenteritis constitutes a group of diarrheal diseases of infectious origin, responsible for absenteeism from work, morbidity and mortality, especially among aged people. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Mitragyna inermis extracts on the in vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa involved in gastroenteritis. Phytochemical screening was carried out using two distinct methods. The detection of phytochemical compounds by tube coloring and chromatography on a thin layer of silica gel. The sensitivity of organisms was evaluated by the agar well method. The dilution method in liquid medium coupled with spreading on Mueller Hinton agar helped determine the CMB/MIC activity ratios. The investigations show that the extract has the best extraction yield (75.86% ± 0.20%) compared to the aqueous macerated (61.8% ± 0.08%) and decocted (66.6% ± 0.12%). These extracts contain several phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, alkaloids, saponosides, coumarins and sterols and terpenes. These substances are endowed with biological activities and could be at the origin of antibacterial activity observed with M. inermis extracts. The analysis of antibacterial activity showed that the germs are sensitive to the extracts with inhibition diameters ranging from 8.30 ± 0.53 to 17.87 ± 0.58 mm. The ethanolic extract was the most active with diameters varying from 15.07 ± 0.62 to 17.87 ± 0.58 mm on all the germs tested. E. coli and S. aureus were the most sensitive germs to the extracts. P. aeruginosa was the least sensitive germ. Activity reports indicate that the extracts exert bactericidal activity on E. coli and S. aureus but bacteriostatic activity on P. aeruginosa. These results justify the use of M. inermis leaves in a traditional environment to treat gastroenteritis.
文摘Rice is one of the most widely cultivated cereals in the world, and its aroma is increasingly in demand. With the advancement of research, a major rice flavor gene has been identified on rice chromosome 8. It encodes non-functional betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase leading to the accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline which is the major olfactory compound that confers the fragrant character to rice. The aroma of rice is considered a special trait of enormous economic importance that determines the prime price in world trade. To satisfy the needs of the population and reduce rice imports into Benin, we conducted this study to identify aromatic rice accessions grown in Benin. Seventy-two rice accessions collected across Benin were PCR amplified with three SSR markers RM 7049, Aro 7, and RM 223, linked to the fgr (fragrance of rice) aroma gene. Molecular analysis revealed that 12 of the 72 accessions, namely Bagou 19, Bagou 22, Tchaka 34, Foun 15, Tchaka 41, Nana 32, Kan 61, Kung 69, Kung 67, Bagou 20, Agbab 101 and Koum 55 possess the fgr gene and can be considered as aromatic rice accessions. A sensory phenotypic test using KOH was carried out on rice accessions carrying fgr gene. Of the twelve positives, only one had the smell of aromatic rice, like the Azucena control. These results show that Benin also has aromatic rice varieties that can be sold on national and international markets.
文摘Pressure on land tenure is having a negative impact on the coconut sector, reducing farmers’ incomes. Intercropping cultivars plantain under coconut based has been considered as a solution to this problem. The aim of this work is to diversify the sources of income for coconut growers. The plantain variety PITA 3, popularised by the CNRA, was grown in coconut inter-rows (PB113<sup>+</sup>), with two types of manure (chemical, organic). Six (06) treatments D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6 were studied. In the tenth month after planting, treatment D3, which included banana plants fertilised with 9 kg of manure/plant, got the best agromorphological performance: height (264.08 cm), neck circumference (57.68 cm) and 12 leaves. In terms of production parameters, D3 banana plants had a shorter production cycle (347 days) and the highest diet mass (9.3 kg). However, the plants that received no fertiliser (D6) showed stunted growth and were unable to produce brunch. The fertilization of plantain with 10 t/ha of laying hen droppings permitted good development and production of plantains on tertiary sands.
基金supported by Postdoctoral Fellowship from the National Council for Science and Technology of Mexico(CONACyT,Grant No.291231,Mexico)。
文摘The aim was to evaluate the potential of mucus-permeating nanoparticles for the oral administration of insulin.These nanocarriers,based on the coating of zein nanoparticles with a polymer conjugate containing PEG,displayed a size of 260 nm with a negative surface charge and an insulin payload of 77 mg/mg.In intestinal pig mucus,the diffusivity of these nanoparticles(PPA-NPs)was found to be 20-fold higher than bare nanoparticles(NPs).These results were in line with the biodistribution study in rats,in which NPs remained trapped in the mucus,whereas PPA-NPs were able to cross this layer and reach the epithelium surface.The therapeutic effcacy was evaluated in Caenorhabditis elegans grown under high glucose conditions.In this model,worms treated with insulin-loaded in PPA-NPs displayed a longer lifespan than those treated with insulin free or nanoencapsulated in NPs.This finding was associated with a signifcant reduction in the formation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)as well as an important decrease in the glucose and fat content in worms.These effects would be related with the mucus-permeating ability of PPA-NPs that would facilitate the passage through the intestinal peritrophic-like dense layer of worms(similar to mucus)and,thus,the absorption of insulin.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2016YFB0303201)the Research and Innovation Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(14zz069)Donghua University Graduates'Innovation Funding Projects(EG2015006)
文摘Para-amino benzoic acid(PABA),a folic acid related metabolite,was first introduced to fabricate micro-grooves and improve hydrophilicity over surfaces of carbon fibers(CFs).Then,engineered CFs/poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)(PLA-PEG) biocomposites were fabricated by a solvent casting/particulate leaching method.We found that introducing small hydrophobic PABA molecules and fabricating patterned structures would lead to benign integrated interfaces between CFs and the PLA-PEG matrix.Specifically,the compressive strength of CFs/PLA-PEG was improved from 3.98 to 5.48 MPa.In addition,the CFs/PLA-PEG biocomposites significantly accelerated the adhesion and proliferation of pre-osteoblasts with minimized cytotoxidty.By comparing the cyto-compatibility of L929 and MC_3T_3 cells cultured on different modified PLA-PEG composites,it could be concluded that PABA-CFs not only overcame the limitation of poor strength of PLA-PEG,but also improved the cell growth.These results indicate that the PABA-CFs reinforced PLA-PEG biocomposites could be a potential alternative for tissue engineering scaffolds.
