By integrating 32 bilateral free trade agreements, CEFTA-2006 became the first multilateral free trade agreement of the Western Balkan countries. Signed at the end of 2006, it was supposed to establish a free trade ar...By integrating 32 bilateral free trade agreements, CEFTA-2006 became the first multilateral free trade agreement of the Western Balkan countries. Signed at the end of 2006, it was supposed to establish a free trade area among the following member-states： Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Monte Negro and Serbia.l The free trade area was supposed to be fully functional by the end of 2010 and should provide trade liberalization by elimination of all tariff and non-tariff barriers for agricultural and non-agricultural goods, as well as trade facilitation by simplification of rules of origin and transit procedures. It should also provide mutual recognition of national sanitary, phytosanitary and technical standards. The free trade area should also enable free trade of services, full protection of intellectual rights, fair rules of public procurement procedures and liberalization of capital investment. The beginning of the creation of the free trade area of the Western Balkan countries created a positive effect upon the increment of the trade exchange of goods among its member-states. However, the weak individual economic capacity of each of them immediately caused a decrement in the exports of goods towards trading partners out of CEFTA-2006. Positive effects realized in the beginning of the creation of the free-trade area were very soon annulated by the influence of the economic crises in 2008. At present, the region experiences a slight, but very slow recovery.展开更多
<正>Crystalline SiO2(c-SiO2) samples were firstly implanted at room temperature (RT) with 120 keV Cions and then irradiated at RT with 950 MeV Pb ions. The C-ion irradiation experiments were performed on the 200...<正>Crystalline SiO2(c-SiO2) samples were firstly implanted at room temperature (RT) with 120 keV Cions and then irradiated at RT with 950 MeV Pb ions. The C-ion irradiation experiments were performed on the 200 kV heavy ion implanter of IMP and the selected implantation doses are 2. 0×1017 , 5. 0×1017, 8. 6×1017 and 1. 2×1017C/cm2. The Pb ion irradiation was carried out at the IRASME (CIRIL-GANIL, Caen) and the irradiation fluencies are 5.0×1011,1. 0×1012 and 1..0×1012 Pb/cm2 , respectively. The chemical bonds formation in the samples was investigated by using a Spectrum GX IR spectroscopy.展开更多
The SiO2 films was firstly implanted by 120 keV C-ions at room temperature (RT) and then irradiated at RT with 4.57 MeV/u Pb ions. The implantation was performed on 200 kV Heavy Ion Implanter (IMP, Lanzhou) to the dos...The SiO2 films was firstly implanted by 120 keV C-ions at room temperature (RT) and then irradiated at RT with 4.57 MeV/u Pb ions. The implantation was performed on 200 kV Heavy Ion Implanter (IMP, Lanzhou) to the dose ranging from 2.0×10^17C/cm^2 to 8.6×10^17C/cm^2,The irradiation was performed at CARIL-GANIL,Caen,France to the fluence ranging from 5.0×10^11Pb/cm^2 to 3.8×10^12Pb/cm^2.Some parameters were given in Table 1(TRIM 96 calculation)。展开更多
SiO2 films were firstly implanted at room temperature (RT) with 120 keV C-ions and then irradiated at RT with 950 MeV Pb ions. The C-ion implantation was performed at the 200 kV heavy ion implanter (IMP, Lanzhou) and ...SiO2 films were firstly implanted at room temperature (RT) with 120 keV C-ions and then irradiated at RT with 950 MeV Pb ions. The C-ion implantation was performed at the 200 kV heavy ion implanter (IMP, Lanzhou) and the selected implantation doses are 2.0×1017, 5.0×1017 and 8.6×1017 C/cm2. The Pb ion irradiation was carried out at the IRASME (CIRIL-GANIL, Caen) and the irradiation fluence was in the region from 5.0×1011 to 3.8×1012 Pb/cm2. The chemical bond formation in the samples was investigated by using a Spectrum GX IR spectroscopy.展开更多
Simulations of sputtering yield of Ti and Zr under energetic particle bombardments at room temperature (300 K)have been done by using a Fortran code TMNUCSP developed from the modified thermal spike model~[1].
Experimental results showed that energetic ion induced phase change in a solid could be achieved not only by irradiation at high fluences but also by singe ion induced huge electronic excitations. The phase change pro...Experimental results showed that energetic ion induced phase change in a solid could be achieved not only by irradiation at high fluences but also by singe ion induced huge electronic excitations. The phase change produced in the later condition is just along individual ion latent tracks。Poecently, we have proposed a novel technique,“low energy ion implantation + swift heavy ion irradiation”, for synthesizing new structures in atom mixed materials in which more attention was paid to the dense electronic excitations effect induced by theincident ions. In the present work, the technique[2} was used to investigate huge electronic excitations展开更多
文摘By integrating 32 bilateral free trade agreements, CEFTA-2006 became the first multilateral free trade agreement of the Western Balkan countries. Signed at the end of 2006, it was supposed to establish a free trade area among the following member-states： Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Monte Negro and Serbia.l The free trade area was supposed to be fully functional by the end of 2010 and should provide trade liberalization by elimination of all tariff and non-tariff barriers for agricultural and non-agricultural goods, as well as trade facilitation by simplification of rules of origin and transit procedures. It should also provide mutual recognition of national sanitary, phytosanitary and technical standards. The free trade area should also enable free trade of services, full protection of intellectual rights, fair rules of public procurement procedures and liberalization of capital investment. The beginning of the creation of the free trade area of the Western Balkan countries created a positive effect upon the increment of the trade exchange of goods among its member-states. However, the weak individual economic capacity of each of them immediately caused a decrement in the exports of goods towards trading partners out of CEFTA-2006. Positive effects realized in the beginning of the creation of the free-trade area were very soon annulated by the influence of the economic crises in 2008. At present, the region experiences a slight, but very slow recovery.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （10125522,10475102）.
文摘<正>Crystalline SiO2(c-SiO2) samples were firstly implanted at room temperature (RT) with 120 keV Cions and then irradiated at RT with 950 MeV Pb ions. The C-ion irradiation experiments were performed on the 200 kV heavy ion implanter of IMP and the selected implantation doses are 2. 0×1017 , 5. 0×1017, 8. 6×1017 and 1. 2×1017C/cm2. The Pb ion irradiation was carried out at the IRASME (CIRIL-GANIL, Caen) and the irradiation fluencies are 5.0×1011,1. 0×1012 and 1..0×1012 Pb/cm2 , respectively. The chemical bonds formation in the samples was investigated by using a Spectrum GX IR spectroscopy.
文摘The SiO2 films was firstly implanted by 120 keV C-ions at room temperature (RT) and then irradiated at RT with 4.57 MeV/u Pb ions. The implantation was performed on 200 kV Heavy Ion Implanter (IMP, Lanzhou) to the dose ranging from 2.0×10^17C/cm^2 to 8.6×10^17C/cm^2,The irradiation was performed at CARIL-GANIL,Caen,France to the fluence ranging from 5.0×10^11Pb/cm^2 to 3.8×10^12Pb/cm^2.Some parameters were given in Table 1(TRIM 96 calculation)。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (1012552210475102).
文摘SiO2 films were firstly implanted at room temperature (RT) with 120 keV C-ions and then irradiated at RT with 950 MeV Pb ions. The C-ion implantation was performed at the 200 kV heavy ion implanter (IMP, Lanzhou) and the selected implantation doses are 2.0×1017, 5.0×1017 and 8.6×1017 C/cm2. The Pb ion irradiation was carried out at the IRASME (CIRIL-GANIL, Caen) and the irradiation fluence was in the region from 5.0×1011 to 3.8×1012 Pb/cm2. The chemical bond formation in the samples was investigated by using a Spectrum GX IR spectroscopy.
文摘Simulations of sputtering yield of Ti and Zr under energetic particle bombardments at room temperature (300 K)have been done by using a Fortran code TMNUCSP developed from the modified thermal spike model~[1].
文摘Experimental results showed that energetic ion induced phase change in a solid could be achieved not only by irradiation at high fluences but also by singe ion induced huge electronic excitations. The phase change produced in the later condition is just along individual ion latent tracks。Poecently, we have proposed a novel technique,“low energy ion implantation + swift heavy ion irradiation”, for synthesizing new structures in atom mixed materials in which more attention was paid to the dense electronic excitations effect induced by theincident ions. In the present work, the technique[2} was used to investigate huge electronic excitations
