BACKGROUND： Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor （EGFR-TKI） targeted treatment has been a standard therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, but it is not tolerated well by al...BACKGROUND： Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor （EGFR-TKI） targeted treatment has been a standard therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, but it is not tolerated well by all patients. In China, some studies have reported that traditional Chinese medicinal herbs （TCMHs） may increase efficacy and reduce toxicity when combined with EGFR-TKI, but outside of China few studies of this kind have been attempted. OBJECTIVE： This study is intended to systematically review the existing clinical evidence on TCMHs combined with EGFR-TKI for treatment of advanced NSCLC. SEARCH STRATEGY： PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Excerpta Medica Database （EMBASE）, the China BioMedical Literature （CBM）, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and web site of the American Society of Clinical Oncology （ASCO）, the European Society for Medical Oncology （ESMO）, the World Conference of Lung Cancer （WCLC） were searched; the search included all documents published in English or Chinese before October 2013. INCLUSION CRITERIA： We selected randomized controlled trials based on specific criteria, the most important of which was that a TCMH plus EGFR-TKI treatment group was compared with an EGFR-TKI control group in patients with advanced NSCLC. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS： The modified Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of studies. For each included study, patient characteristics, treatment details, therapeutic approach and clinical outcomes were collected on a standardized form. When disagreements on study inclusion or data extracted from a study emerged, the consensus of all coauthors provided the resolution. The clinical outcome metrics consisted of objective response rate （ORR; complete response ＋ partial response divided by the total number of patients）, disease control rate （DCR; complete response ＋ partial response ＋ no change divided by the total number of patients）, survival rate, improved or stabilized Karnofsky perf展开更多
The epidemiologic characteristics of 631 infant pertussis cases 〈 12 months, which accounted for 57.42% of the total cases, were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology in Tianjin, between 2010 and 2015. The incidence o...The epidemiologic characteristics of 631 infant pertussis cases 〈 12 months, which accounted for 57.42% of the total cases, were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology in Tianjin, between 2010 and 2015. The incidence of infants was 104.66/100,000, which was 118 times higher than in other age groups （P 〈 0.001）. The primary type of pertussis simultaneously presented in households was adult-to-infant （70.51%）. The parents were identified as the source of infection in 80.18% of cases for infants. The positive rate of placental antibody transfer was 31.06% and 3.13% for 3-month-old infants. Infants presented the highest age-specific pertussis incidence. The most important reason was parents were the important sources of infection, and secondly the lower level of antibodies in neonates and the rapid waning of maternal antibody titer.展开更多
We established a diagnostic model to predict acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae （M. pneumonia） infection in elderly Community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） patients. We divided 456 patients into acute and non-acute M. pneumon...We established a diagnostic model to predict acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae （M. pneumonia） infection in elderly Community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） patients. We divided 456 patients into acute and non-acute M. pneumoniae infection groups. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were used to establish a predictive model. The following independent factors were identified： age 〉 70 years; serum cTNT level 〉 0.0S ng/mL; lobar consolidation; mediastinal lymphadenopathy; and antibody titer in the acute phase 〉 1：40. The area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.923 and a score of 2 7 score predicted acute M. pneumoniae infection in elderly patients with CAP. The predictive model developed in this study has high diagnostic accuracy for the identification of elderly acute M. pneumoniae infection.展开更多
In this paper the Expendable Pattern Casting with dry sand Vacuum(EPC-V) process is used to manufacture iron matrix composites with tungsten carbide particle.Microstructures of the composites layers were analyzed.The ...In this paper the Expendable Pattern Casting with dry sand Vacuum(EPC-V) process is used to manufacture iron matrix composites with tungsten carbide particle.Microstructures of the composites layers were analyzed.The abrasive wear resistance of the composites layers were tested and compared with that of high chromium cast iron.The results show that the iron matrix composites with tungsten carbide particle have high hardness.The abrasive wear resistance of composites with tungsten carbide particle is higher than that of high chromium cast iron.The properties of the matrix materials have been improved remarkably.展开更多
A series of hydrogenated silicon thin films were prepared by the radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (RF-PECVD) with various si-lane concentrations. The influence of silane concentration o...A series of hydrogenated silicon thin films were prepared by the radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (RF-PECVD) with various si-lane concentrations. The influence of silane concentration on structural and elec-trical characteristics of these films was investigated to study the phase transition region from amorphous to microcrystalline phase. At the same time,optical emis-sion spectra (OES) from the plasma during the deposition process were monitored to get information about the plasma properties,Raman spectra were measured to study the structural characteristics of the deposited films. The combinatorial analysis of OES and Raman spectra results demonstrated that the OES can be used as a fast method to diagnose phase transition from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon. At last the physical mechanism,why both OES and Raman can be used to diagnose the phase transition,was analyzed theoretically.展开更多
Reaction products of 2,4,6-tris(4-phenyl-phenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine derived from 4-phenylphenol cyanate ester and phenyl glycidyl ether were analyzed. In addition to an isocyanurate compound and an oxazolidone compound w...Reaction products of 2,4,6-tris(4-phenyl-phenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine derived from 4-phenylphenol cyanate ester and phenyl glycidyl ether were analyzed. In addition to an isocyanurate compound and an oxazolidone compound which were well known as reaction products of cyanate esters and epoxy resins, compounds with hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate were determined. Gibbs free energies of the compound having hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate with two isocyanurate moiety were found to be lower than that of the compound with cyanurate ring structure through calculations. Calculation data supported the existence of hybrid ring structure of cy-anurate/isocyanurate. It was revealed that isomerization from cyanurate to isocyanurate occurs via hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate in the reaction of aryl cyanurate and epoxy.展开更多
Objective The Simao Basin in Yunnan Province has developed Cretaceous evaporite-bearing clastic deposits, including the Mangang and Mengyejing Formations which were originally interpreted as fluvial and lacustrine dep...Objective The Simao Basin in Yunnan Province has developed Cretaceous evaporite-bearing clastic deposits, including the Mangang and Mengyejing Formations which were originally interpreted as fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The Mangang Fm. composed of well-rounded quartz sandstones, were commonly considered as the bottom part of the Mengyejing salt series. Dttring last decades,展开更多
Spectral analysis was a method of identifying substances, determining their chemical composition and calculating their content based on their spectral characteristics. This paper mainly discussed the application of va...Spectral analysis was a method of identifying substances, determining their chemical composition and calculating their content based on their spectral characteristics. This paper mainly discussed the application of various spectroscopic techniques, mainly including atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) direct reading spectroscopy (OES) glow discharge emission spectroscopy (GD-OSE) laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), in the formulation of non-ferrous metal standards in China. The AAS method was the most widely used single-element microanalysis method among the non-ferrous metal standards. The ICP-AES method was good at significant advantages in the simultaneous detection of multiple elements. The XRF method was increasingly used in the determination of primary and secondary trace elements due to its simple sample preparation and high efficiency. The AFS was mostly detected by single-element trace analysis. OES GD-OES and LIBS were playing an increasingly important role in the new demand area for non-ferrous metals. This paper discussed matrix elimination, sample digestion, sample preparation, instrument categories and other aspects of some standards, and summarized the advantages of spectral analysis and traditional chemical analysis methods. The new methods of future spectroscopic technology had been illustrated in the process of developing non-ferrous metal standards.展开更多
The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the ...The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei M展开更多
cDNA libraries were constructed from the leaves of a rice (Oryza sativa L.) salt tolerancevariety Tesan抋i 2 growing in solutions with 150 mmol/L NaCl for 3 h or without salt stress. Three salt-responsive cDNA clones,...cDNA libraries were constructed from the leaves of a rice (Oryza sativa L.) salt tolerancevariety Tesan抋i 2 growing in solutions with 150 mmol/L NaCl for 3 h or without salt stress. Three salt-responsive cDNA clones, Ts1, Ts2 and Ts3 were isolated by differential screening. Northern blottinganalysis showed that the transcription levels of Ts1 and Ts2 increased within 3 h salt stress and kept onincreasing within 24 h, while the transcription level of Ts3 reached its peak within 3 h. Sequence analysisindicated that there were no homologies between the three cDNA clones and any known gene. The threecDNA clones were mapped using a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from an indica variety ZYQ8,which was a salt tolerance parent of Tesan抋i 2, with a japonica variety JX17. Ts1, Ts2 and Ts3 werelocated on chromosomes 1, 3 and 7, respectively. It was noted that Ts1, Ts2, and Ts3 were in or near theregions of major or minor salt tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which were mapped in the same DHpopulation in a parallel study.展开更多
In the applications of primary spectrum pyrometry,based on the dynamic range and the minimum sensibility of the sensor,the application issues,such as the measurement range and the measurement partition,were investigat...In the applications of primary spectrum pyrometry,based on the dynamic range and the minimum sensibility of the sensor,the application issues,such as the measurement range and the measurement partition,were investigated through theoretical analyses. For a developed primary spectrum pyrometer,the theoretical predictions of measurement range and the distributions of measurement partition were presented through numerical simulations. And the measurement experiments of high-temperature blackbody and standard temperature lamp were processed to further verify the above theoretical analyses and numerical results. Therefore the research in the paper provides the helpful supports for the applications of primary spectrum pyrometer and other radiation pyrometers.展开更多
Two-dimensional (2D) triangular void channel photonic crystals with different lattice constants stacked in two different directions were fabricated by using femtosecond laser micro-explosion in solid polymer material....Two-dimensional (2D) triangular void channel photonic crystals with different lattice constants stacked in two different directions were fabricated by using femtosecond laser micro-explosion in solid polymer material. Fundamental and higher-order stop gaps were observed both in the infrared transmission and reflection spectra. There is an approximately linear relationship between the gap position and the lattice constant. The suppression of the fundamental gap is as high as 70% for 24-layer structures stacked in the T-M direction.展开更多
This study aimed to learn the recurrence rate in the retreatment TB patients with sputum smear and/or culture positive （ss＋ and/or c＋） two years after they were declared cured, and to explore causes of recurrence ...This study aimed to learn the recurrence rate in the retreatment TB patients with sputum smear and/or culture positive （ss＋ and/or c＋） two years after they were declared cured, and to explore causes of recurrence in order to improve long-time treatment outcome. 5 cities were selected as research locations. Recurrence of TB was judged by chest X-ray examination together with sputum smear and culture examination.展开更多
Studies the stability for them manifold of equilibrium state of the autonomous Birkhoffsystem. Uses the Liapunov's direct method and the first approximation method to obtain thestability criterion for the manifold...Studies the stability for them manifold of equilibrium state of the autonomous Birkhoffsystem. Uses the Liapunov's direct method and the first approximation method to obtain thestability criterion for the manifold of equilibrium state of the system. Gives an example toillustrate the application of the result.展开更多
The circadian clock is known to increase plant growth and fitness, and is thought to prepare plants for photosynthesis at dawn and dusk; whether this happens in nature was unknown. We transformed the native tobacco, N...The circadian clock is known to increase plant growth and fitness, and is thought to prepare plants for photosynthesis at dawn and dusk; whether this happens in nature was unknown. We transformed the native tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata to silence two core clock components, NaLHY （irLHY） and NaTOC1 （irTOC1）. We characterized growth and light- and dark-adapted photosynthetic rates （Ac） throughout a 24 h clay in empty vector-transformed （EV）, irLHY, and irTOC1 plants in the field, and in NaPhyA-and NaPhyB1-silenced plants in the glasshouse. The growth rates of irLHY plants were lower than those of EV plants in the field. While irLHY plants reduced Ac earlier at dusk, no differences between irLHY and EV plants were observed at dawn in the field, irLHY, but not EV plants, responded to light in the night by rapidly increasing Ac. Under controlled conditions, EV plants rapidly increased Ac in the day compared to dark-adapted plants at night; irLHY plants lost these time-dependent responses. The role of NaLHY in gating photosynthesis is independent of the light-depen- dent reactions and red light perceived by NaPhyA, but not NaPhyB1. In summary, the circadian clock allows plants not to respond photosynthetically to light at night by anticipating and gating red light-mediated in native tobacco.展开更多
The equilibrium and kinetic characteristics of the adsorption of erythromycin to Sepabeads SP825 were determined.The equilibrium data in a batch system was well described by a Langmuir isotherm.The separation performa...The equilibrium and kinetic characteristics of the adsorption of erythromycin to Sepabeads SP825 were determined.The equilibrium data in a batch system was well described by a Langmuir isotherm.The separation performance was investigated in a fixed-bed system with respect to the adsorption superficial velocity,ionic strength and pH.A mathematical model was used to simulate the mass transfer mechanism,taking film mass transfer,pore diffusion and axial dispersion into account.The model predictions were consistent with the experi-mental data and were consequently used to determine the mass transfer coefficients.展开更多
The two-dimensional cellular detonation propagating in a channel with area-changing cross section was numerically simulated with the dispersion-controlled dissipative scheme and a detailed chemical reaction model. Eff...The two-dimensional cellular detonation propagating in a channel with area-changing cross section was numerically simulated with the dispersion-controlled dissipative scheme and a detailed chemical reaction model. Effects of the flow ex-pansion and compression on the cellular detonation cell were investigated to illus-trate the mechanism of the transverse wave development and the cellular detona-tion cell evolution. By examining gas composition variations behind the leading shock,the chemical reaction rate,the reaction zone length,and thermodynamic parameters,two kinds of the abnormal detonation waves were identified. To explore their development mechanism,chemical reactions,reflected shocks and rarefac-tion waves were discussed,which interact with each other and affect the cellular detonation in different ways.展开更多
基金supported by business proposals research and special topics of 2012 Annual National TCM Clinical Research Base (No. JDZX2012119)
文摘BACKGROUND： Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor （EGFR-TKI） targeted treatment has been a standard therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, but it is not tolerated well by all patients. In China, some studies have reported that traditional Chinese medicinal herbs （TCMHs） may increase efficacy and reduce toxicity when combined with EGFR-TKI, but outside of China few studies of this kind have been attempted. OBJECTIVE： This study is intended to systematically review the existing clinical evidence on TCMHs combined with EGFR-TKI for treatment of advanced NSCLC. SEARCH STRATEGY： PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Excerpta Medica Database （EMBASE）, the China BioMedical Literature （CBM）, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and web site of the American Society of Clinical Oncology （ASCO）, the European Society for Medical Oncology （ESMO）, the World Conference of Lung Cancer （WCLC） were searched; the search included all documents published in English or Chinese before October 2013. INCLUSION CRITERIA： We selected randomized controlled trials based on specific criteria, the most important of which was that a TCMH plus EGFR-TKI treatment group was compared with an EGFR-TKI control group in patients with advanced NSCLC. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS： The modified Jadad scale was used to assess the quality of studies. For each included study, patient characteristics, treatment details, therapeutic approach and clinical outcomes were collected on a standardized form. When disagreements on study inclusion or data extracted from a study emerged, the consensus of all coauthors provided the resolution. The clinical outcome metrics consisted of objective response rate （ORR; complete response ＋ partial response divided by the total number of patients）, disease control rate （DCR; complete response ＋ partial response ＋ no change divided by the total number of patients）, survival rate, improved or stabilized Karnofsky perf
基金supported by the Research Fund of Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commission 2015KY18Science and Technology Major Project of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association Q2017A1225
文摘The epidemiologic characteristics of 631 infant pertussis cases 〈 12 months, which accounted for 57.42% of the total cases, were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology in Tianjin, between 2010 and 2015. The incidence of infants was 104.66/100,000, which was 118 times higher than in other age groups （P 〈 0.001）. The primary type of pertussis simultaneously presented in households was adult-to-infant （70.51%）. The parents were identified as the source of infection in 80.18% of cases for infants. The positive rate of placental antibody transfer was 31.06% and 3.13% for 3-month-old infants. Infants presented the highest age-specific pertussis incidence. The most important reason was parents were the important sources of infection, and secondly the lower level of antibodies in neonates and the rapid waning of maternal antibody titer.
基金supported by the Capital Medical Development and Scientific Research Fund(2009-1033)and the Science and Technology Plan of Beijing City(Z101107050210018)
文摘We established a diagnostic model to predict acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae （M. pneumonia） infection in elderly Community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） patients. We divided 456 patients into acute and non-acute M. pneumoniae infection groups. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were used to establish a predictive model. The following independent factors were identified： age 〉 70 years; serum cTNT level 〉 0.0S ng/mL; lobar consolidation; mediastinal lymphadenopathy; and antibody titer in the acute phase 〉 1：40. The area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.923 and a score of 2 7 score predicted acute M. pneumoniae infection in elderly patients with CAP. The predictive model developed in this study has high diagnostic accuracy for the identification of elderly acute M. pneumoniae infection.
文摘In this paper the Expendable Pattern Casting with dry sand Vacuum(EPC-V) process is used to manufacture iron matrix composites with tungsten carbide particle.Microstructures of the composites layers were analyzed.The abrasive wear resistance of the composites layers were tested and compared with that of high chromium cast iron.The results show that the iron matrix composites with tungsten carbide particle have high hardness.The abrasive wear resistance of composites with tungsten carbide particle is higher than that of high chromium cast iron.The properties of the matrix materials have been improved remarkably.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006CB202602 and 2006CB202603)
文摘A series of hydrogenated silicon thin films were prepared by the radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (RF-PECVD) with various si-lane concentrations. The influence of silane concentration on structural and elec-trical characteristics of these films was investigated to study the phase transition region from amorphous to microcrystalline phase. At the same time,optical emis-sion spectra (OES) from the plasma during the deposition process were monitored to get information about the plasma properties,Raman spectra were measured to study the structural characteristics of the deposited films. The combinatorial analysis of OES and Raman spectra results demonstrated that the OES can be used as a fast method to diagnose phase transition from amorphous to microcrystalline silicon. At last the physical mechanism,why both OES and Raman can be used to diagnose the phase transition,was analyzed theoretically.
文摘Reaction products of 2,4,6-tris(4-phenyl-phenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine derived from 4-phenylphenol cyanate ester and phenyl glycidyl ether were analyzed. In addition to an isocyanurate compound and an oxazolidone compound which were well known as reaction products of cyanate esters and epoxy resins, compounds with hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate were determined. Gibbs free energies of the compound having hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate with two isocyanurate moiety were found to be lower than that of the compound with cyanurate ring structure through calculations. Calculation data supported the existence of hybrid ring structure of cy-anurate/isocyanurate. It was revealed that isomerization from cyanurate to isocyanurate occurs via hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate in the reaction of aryl cyanurate and epoxy.
基金supported by the Chinese National Key Project for Basic Research(grant No. 2011CB403007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41602127)
文摘Objective The Simao Basin in Yunnan Province has developed Cretaceous evaporite-bearing clastic deposits, including the Mangang and Mengyejing Formations which were originally interpreted as fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The Mangang Fm. composed of well-rounded quartz sandstones, were commonly considered as the bottom part of the Mengyejing salt series. Dttring last decades,
文摘Spectral analysis was a method of identifying substances, determining their chemical composition and calculating their content based on their spectral characteristics. This paper mainly discussed the application of various spectroscopic techniques, mainly including atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) direct reading spectroscopy (OES) glow discharge emission spectroscopy (GD-OSE) laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), in the formulation of non-ferrous metal standards in China. The AAS method was the most widely used single-element microanalysis method among the non-ferrous metal standards. The ICP-AES method was good at significant advantages in the simultaneous detection of multiple elements. The XRF method was increasingly used in the determination of primary and secondary trace elements due to its simple sample preparation and high efficiency. The AFS was mostly detected by single-element trace analysis. OES GD-OES and LIBS were playing an increasingly important role in the new demand area for non-ferrous metals. This paper discussed matrix elimination, sample digestion, sample preparation, instrument categories and other aspects of some standards, and summarized the advantages of spectral analysis and traditional chemical analysis methods. The new methods of future spectroscopic technology had been illustrated in the process of developing non-ferrous metal standards.
文摘The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei M
文摘cDNA libraries were constructed from the leaves of a rice (Oryza sativa L.) salt tolerancevariety Tesan抋i 2 growing in solutions with 150 mmol/L NaCl for 3 h or without salt stress. Three salt-responsive cDNA clones, Ts1, Ts2 and Ts3 were isolated by differential screening. Northern blottinganalysis showed that the transcription levels of Ts1 and Ts2 increased within 3 h salt stress and kept onincreasing within 24 h, while the transcription level of Ts3 reached its peak within 3 h. Sequence analysisindicated that there were no homologies between the three cDNA clones and any known gene. The threecDNA clones were mapped using a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from an indica variety ZYQ8,which was a salt tolerance parent of Tesan抋i 2, with a japonica variety JX17. Ts1, Ts2 and Ts3 werelocated on chromosomes 1, 3 and 7, respectively. It was noted that Ts1, Ts2, and Ts3 were in or near theregions of major or minor salt tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which were mapped in the same DHpopulation in a parallel study.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50606033 and 50674079)
文摘In the applications of primary spectrum pyrometry,based on the dynamic range and the minimum sensibility of the sensor,the application issues,such as the measurement range and the measurement partition,were investigated through theoretical analyses. For a developed primary spectrum pyrometer,the theoretical predictions of measurement range and the distributions of measurement partition were presented through numerical simulations. And the measurement experiments of high-temperature blackbody and standard temperature lamp were processed to further verify the above theoretical analyses and numerical results. Therefore the research in the paper provides the helpful supports for the applications of primary spectrum pyrometer and other radiation pyrometers.
基金This work was produced with the assistance of the Australian Research Council (ARC) under the ARC Centres of Excellence Program. G. Zhou's e-mail address is gzhou@swin.edu.au.
文摘Two-dimensional (2D) triangular void channel photonic crystals with different lattice constants stacked in two different directions were fabricated by using femtosecond laser micro-explosion in solid polymer material. Fundamental and higher-order stop gaps were observed both in the infrared transmission and reflection spectra. There is an approximately linear relationship between the gap position and the lattice constant. The suppression of the fundamental gap is as high as 70% for 24-layer structures stacked in the T-M direction.
基金supported by ‘Follow-up Study of Retreatment TB Patients with Sputum Smear Positive Two Years after Declared Cured’(TB10-002)
文摘This study aimed to learn the recurrence rate in the retreatment TB patients with sputum smear and/or culture positive （ss＋ and/or c＋） two years after they were declared cured, and to explore causes of recurrence in order to improve long-time treatment outcome. 5 cities were selected as research locations. Recurrence of TB was judged by chest X-ray examination together with sputum smear and culture examination.
文摘Studies the stability for them manifold of equilibrium state of the autonomous Birkhoffsystem. Uses the Liapunov's direct method and the first approximation method to obtain thestability criterion for the manifold of equilibrium state of the system. Gives an example toillustrate the application of the result.
基金supported by European Research Council advanced grant Clockwork Green(No. 293926) to I.T.B.the Global Research Lab program(2012055546) from the National Research Foundation of Korea+1 种基金Human Frontier Science Program(RGP0002/2012)the Max Planck Society
文摘The circadian clock is known to increase plant growth and fitness, and is thought to prepare plants for photosynthesis at dawn and dusk; whether this happens in nature was unknown. We transformed the native tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata to silence two core clock components, NaLHY （irLHY） and NaTOC1 （irTOC1）. We characterized growth and light- and dark-adapted photosynthetic rates （Ac） throughout a 24 h clay in empty vector-transformed （EV）, irLHY, and irTOC1 plants in the field, and in NaPhyA-and NaPhyB1-silenced plants in the glasshouse. The growth rates of irLHY plants were lower than those of EV plants in the field. While irLHY plants reduced Ac earlier at dusk, no differences between irLHY and EV plants were observed at dawn in the field, irLHY, but not EV plants, responded to light in the night by rapidly increasing Ac. Under controlled conditions, EV plants rapidly increased Ac in the day compared to dark-adapted plants at night; irLHY plants lost these time-dependent responses. The role of NaLHY in gating photosynthesis is independent of the light-depen- dent reactions and red light perceived by NaPhyA, but not NaPhyB1. In summary, the circadian clock allows plants not to respond photosynthetically to light at night by anticipating and gating red light-mediated in native tobacco.
文摘The equilibrium and kinetic characteristics of the adsorption of erythromycin to Sepabeads SP825 were determined.The equilibrium data in a batch system was well described by a Langmuir isotherm.The separation performance was investigated in a fixed-bed system with respect to the adsorption superficial velocity,ionic strength and pH.A mathematical model was used to simulate the mass transfer mechanism,taking film mass transfer,pore diffusion and axial dispersion into account.The model predictions were consistent with the experi-mental data and were consequently used to determine the mass transfer coefficients.
文摘The two-dimensional cellular detonation propagating in a channel with area-changing cross section was numerically simulated with the dispersion-controlled dissipative scheme and a detailed chemical reaction model. Effects of the flow ex-pansion and compression on the cellular detonation cell were investigated to illus-trate the mechanism of the transverse wave development and the cellular detona-tion cell evolution. By examining gas composition variations behind the leading shock,the chemical reaction rate,the reaction zone length,and thermodynamic parameters,two kinds of the abnormal detonation waves were identified. To explore their development mechanism,chemical reactions,reflected shocks and rarefac-tion waves were discussed,which interact with each other and affect the cellular detonation in different ways.
