This paper is focused on a higher-level report of a new generation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies. Starting from the structural scalability of civil tiltrotors, design strategy and requirements for UAVs...This paper is focused on a higher-level report of a new generation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies. Starting from the structural scalability of civil tiltrotors, design strategy and requirements for UAVs, and advanced composite materials, the increased speed and productivity requirements for tiltrotors have spawned several investigations associated with proprotor aero elastic stability augmentation and aerodynamic performance enhancements. The research emphasized the Large Civil Tilt Rotor as the configuration with the best potential to meet the technology goals, and the design, including the challenges of the Large Civil Tilt Rotor (LCTR). The design presented was economically competitive, with the potential for substantial impact on the air transportation system. The research includes some manufacturers of helicopters, drones and tiltrotors carrying out design studies and production of prototypes, as well as research projects aimed at designing, manufacturing, qualifying, and flight-testing the new wing of the Next-Generation Civil Tiltrotor Technology Demonstrator. Promises of Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft, UAVs, Digitalization of Urban Air Mobility (UAM), and the “U-space” concept are discussed in the paper. The eight SUMP principles and possibilities of future advancements are emphasized.展开更多
粤港澳大湾区交通体系建设在区域发展中起着决定性作用,在着力发展铁路、公路、海运、河运和传统运输航空的同时,如何针对区域需求发展更高质量的交通方式是区域交通整体筹划的题中之义。电动垂直起降(EVTOL)是航空器制造业领域一场重...粤港澳大湾区交通体系建设在区域发展中起着决定性作用,在着力发展铁路、公路、海运、河运和传统运输航空的同时,如何针对区域需求发展更高质量的交通方式是区域交通整体筹划的题中之义。电动垂直起降(EVTOL)是航空器制造业领域一场重大技术革命,它使城市空中交通(Urban Air Mobility,UAM)从梦想走向现实。长期以来,城市空中交通以直升机为主,但出于成本高、噪声大、污染重和对环境要求高等原因,其发展规模非常小,没有受到人们关注。近年来EVTOL技术快速发展,万亿“蓝海”赛道雏形日益清晰,各国竞争开始加剧。粤港澳大湾区具有天然发展UAM的基础、条件和环境,发展的成效对湾区整体水平又有重要价值。面对这一全新课题,本文从必要性、可行性出发,研究其价值所在,提出发展思路和路径,对存在的问题进行简要剖析并给出解决对策,期望对UAM的发展有所帮助。展开更多
Advancements in uncrewed aircrafts and communications technologies have led to a wave of interest and investment in unmanned aircraft systems(UASs)and urban air mobility(UAM)vehicles over the past decade.To support th...Advancements in uncrewed aircrafts and communications technologies have led to a wave of interest and investment in unmanned aircraft systems(UASs)and urban air mobility(UAM)vehicles over the past decade.To support this emerging aviation application,concepts for UAS/UAM traffic management(UTM)systems have been explored.Accurately characterizing and predicting the microscale weather conditions,winds in particular,will be critical to safe and efficient operations of the small UASs/UAM aircrafts within the UTM.This study implements a reduced order data assimilation approach to reduce discrepancies between the predicted urban wind speed with computational fluid dynamics(CFD)Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes(RANS)model with real-world,limited and sparse observations.The developed data assimilation system is UrbanDA.These observations are simulated using a large eddy simulation(LES).The data assimilation approach is based on the time-independent variational framework and uses space reduction to reduce the memory cost of the process.This approach leads to error reduction throughout the simulated domain and the reconstructed field is different than the initial guess by ingesting wind speeds at sensor locations and hence taking into account flow unsteadiness in a time when only the mean flow quantities are resolved.Different locations where wind sensors can be installed are discussed in terms of their impact on the resulting wind field.It is shown that near-wall locations,near turbulence generation areas with high wind speeds have the highest impact.Approximating the model error with its principal mode provides a better agreement with the truth and the hazardous areas for UAS navigation increases by more than 10%as wind hazards resulting from buildings wakes are better simulated through this process.展开更多
文摘This paper is focused on a higher-level report of a new generation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies. Starting from the structural scalability of civil tiltrotors, design strategy and requirements for UAVs, and advanced composite materials, the increased speed and productivity requirements for tiltrotors have spawned several investigations associated with proprotor aero elastic stability augmentation and aerodynamic performance enhancements. The research emphasized the Large Civil Tilt Rotor as the configuration with the best potential to meet the technology goals, and the design, including the challenges of the Large Civil Tilt Rotor (LCTR). The design presented was economically competitive, with the potential for substantial impact on the air transportation system. The research includes some manufacturers of helicopters, drones and tiltrotors carrying out design studies and production of prototypes, as well as research projects aimed at designing, manufacturing, qualifying, and flight-testing the new wing of the Next-Generation Civil Tiltrotor Technology Demonstrator. Promises of Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft, UAVs, Digitalization of Urban Air Mobility (UAM), and the “U-space” concept are discussed in the paper. The eight SUMP principles and possibilities of future advancements are emphasized.
文摘粤港澳大湾区交通体系建设在区域发展中起着决定性作用,在着力发展铁路、公路、海运、河运和传统运输航空的同时,如何针对区域需求发展更高质量的交通方式是区域交通整体筹划的题中之义。电动垂直起降(EVTOL)是航空器制造业领域一场重大技术革命,它使城市空中交通(Urban Air Mobility,UAM)从梦想走向现实。长期以来,城市空中交通以直升机为主,但出于成本高、噪声大、污染重和对环境要求高等原因,其发展规模非常小,没有受到人们关注。近年来EVTOL技术快速发展,万亿“蓝海”赛道雏形日益清晰,各国竞争开始加剧。粤港澳大湾区具有天然发展UAM的基础、条件和环境,发展的成效对湾区整体水平又有重要价值。面对这一全新课题,本文从必要性、可行性出发,研究其价值所在,提出发展思路和路径,对存在的问题进行简要剖析并给出解决对策,期望对UAM的发展有所帮助。
文摘Advancements in uncrewed aircrafts and communications technologies have led to a wave of interest and investment in unmanned aircraft systems(UASs)and urban air mobility(UAM)vehicles over the past decade.To support this emerging aviation application,concepts for UAS/UAM traffic management(UTM)systems have been explored.Accurately characterizing and predicting the microscale weather conditions,winds in particular,will be critical to safe and efficient operations of the small UASs/UAM aircrafts within the UTM.This study implements a reduced order data assimilation approach to reduce discrepancies between the predicted urban wind speed with computational fluid dynamics(CFD)Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes(RANS)model with real-world,limited and sparse observations.The developed data assimilation system is UrbanDA.These observations are simulated using a large eddy simulation(LES).The data assimilation approach is based on the time-independent variational framework and uses space reduction to reduce the memory cost of the process.This approach leads to error reduction throughout the simulated domain and the reconstructed field is different than the initial guess by ingesting wind speeds at sensor locations and hence taking into account flow unsteadiness in a time when only the mean flow quantities are resolved.Different locations where wind sensors can be installed are discussed in terms of their impact on the resulting wind field.It is shown that near-wall locations,near turbulence generation areas with high wind speeds have the highest impact.Approximating the model error with its principal mode provides a better agreement with the truth and the hazardous areas for UAS navigation increases by more than 10%as wind hazards resulting from buildings wakes are better simulated through this process.
