With rapid urbanization in China,an increasing building density has squeezed the urban public space.Community streets are occupied by motor vehicles or other functions,and can no longer sufficiently support children t...With rapid urbanization in China,an increasing building density has squeezed the urban public space.Community streets are occupied by motor vehicles or other functions,and can no longer sufficiently support children to carry out safe and independent activities.As an important space for children’s daily natural contact and social activities,the lack of the spatial function of streets results in a decline in children’s subjective initiative and social abilities.The United Nations has stressed the importance of community as the basic unit of space for children’s daily activities in building child friendly cities.It is urgent to reshape child-friendly community streets and support children’s healthy growth.Integrating previous research results on affordance theory and design,children’s growth and environment,and street-game spaces,this study focuses on investigating 23 community streets in four residential communities in Nanjing through questionnaires,interviews,observations,and other methods.Then,from the perspective of cognitive affordance,functional affordance,and social affordance,it analyzes the behavioral possibilities provided by the environment and the needs of the children-user group.Finally,from the perspectives of openness and security,preference and diversity,positive and negative,and reality and potential,it proposes a method to assess the existing environment.This study aims to extract the significant characteristics of the built environment that effectively support and promote children’s outdoors activities,and explore the design strategy of improving street space sharing through optimizing space elements and structure at the medium and micro levels,so as to respond to multiple goals including livable city development from the perspective of child friendliness.This study also tries to change the logical way of design thinking and provide an eco-psychological perspective on how to build a child-friendly community.展开更多
Along with the rapid globalization and urbanization,primitive ecological environment and cultural life atmosphere of urban streets and lanes have degraded,memories of the city have been lost,and cities have shown the ...Along with the rapid globalization and urbanization,primitive ecological environment and cultural life atmosphere of urban streets and lanes have degraded,memories of the city have been lost,and cities have shown the tendency of convergence and homogenization.Taking the Confucius Temple Block for example,this paper applied cognitive map,oral interview and GIS spatial statistics to study residents' col ective memories of urban street and lane spaces,and found that the locals' collective memories of streets and lanes in the Confucius Temple Block declined gradually in the sequence of "aura area" → "secondary aura area" → "buffer area" → "blind spot area",and "civilian" urban design concept was claimed as the major incentive of the decline.Streets and lanes as important components of urban public spaces have specific historical connotations and genius loci,and they deserve wide concern from the academic circle and the society for their function of protecting collective memories of residents.展开更多
This article focuses on how urban street design will need to respond to changes in mobility, new types of vehicles using the roads, and currently unmet functional needs. Infrastructure typically lasts a generation, so...This article focuses on how urban street design will need to respond to changes in mobility, new types of vehicles using the roads, and currently unmet functional needs. Infrastructure typically lasts a generation, so it must be built anticipating future needs. However, despite widespread agreement that the types of vehicles using roadways and patterns of usage are likely to change, design standards rooted in the past continue to guide the process of creating streets in China. The article begins with an understanding of current deficiencies of streets, and a prognosis of how the mobility system is likely to evolve. Based on this, it suggests new patterns for streets of the future.展开更多
基金This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Grant no.51978140).
文摘With rapid urbanization in China,an increasing building density has squeezed the urban public space.Community streets are occupied by motor vehicles or other functions,and can no longer sufficiently support children to carry out safe and independent activities.As an important space for children’s daily natural contact and social activities,the lack of the spatial function of streets results in a decline in children’s subjective initiative and social abilities.The United Nations has stressed the importance of community as the basic unit of space for children’s daily activities in building child friendly cities.It is urgent to reshape child-friendly community streets and support children’s healthy growth.Integrating previous research results on affordance theory and design,children’s growth and environment,and street-game spaces,this study focuses on investigating 23 community streets in four residential communities in Nanjing through questionnaires,interviews,observations,and other methods.Then,from the perspective of cognitive affordance,functional affordance,and social affordance,it analyzes the behavioral possibilities provided by the environment and the needs of the children-user group.Finally,from the perspectives of openness and security,preference and diversity,positive and negative,and reality and potential,it proposes a method to assess the existing environment.This study aims to extract the significant characteristics of the built environment that effectively support and promote children’s outdoors activities,and explore the design strategy of improving street space sharing through optimizing space elements and structure at the medium and micro levels,so as to respond to multiple goals including livable city development from the perspective of child friendliness.This study also tries to change the logical way of design thinking and provide an eco-psychological perspective on how to build a child-friendly community.
基金Sponsored by Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41401152)Humanities and Social Science Youth Program of the Ministry of Education(14YJCZH228)+1 种基金"Qing-Lan"Project of Excellent Young Teachers’Training Program of Jiangsu Provincial Colleges and UniversitiesScientific Research Fund for the Fifth Session of Jiangsu Provincial"333"Project(Level 3)
文摘Along with the rapid globalization and urbanization,primitive ecological environment and cultural life atmosphere of urban streets and lanes have degraded,memories of the city have been lost,and cities have shown the tendency of convergence and homogenization.Taking the Confucius Temple Block for example,this paper applied cognitive map,oral interview and GIS spatial statistics to study residents' col ective memories of urban street and lane spaces,and found that the locals' collective memories of streets and lanes in the Confucius Temple Block declined gradually in the sequence of "aura area" → "secondary aura area" → "buffer area" → "blind spot area",and "civilian" urban design concept was claimed as the major incentive of the decline.Streets and lanes as important components of urban public spaces have specific historical connotations and genius loci,and they deserve wide concern from the academic circle and the society for their function of protecting collective memories of residents.
文摘This article focuses on how urban street design will need to respond to changes in mobility, new types of vehicles using the roads, and currently unmet functional needs. Infrastructure typically lasts a generation, so it must be built anticipating future needs. However, despite widespread agreement that the types of vehicles using roadways and patterns of usage are likely to change, design standards rooted in the past continue to guide the process of creating streets in China. The article begins with an understanding of current deficiencies of streets, and a prognosis of how the mobility system is likely to evolve. Based on this, it suggests new patterns for streets of the future.
