1.The need for global carbon monitoring from space and the TanSat mission Global warming is a major problem,for which carbon dioxide（CO2 ）is the main greenhouse gas involved in heating the troposphere.However,the po...1.The need for global carbon monitoring from space and the TanSat mission Global warming is a major problem,for which carbon dioxide（CO2 ）is the main greenhouse gas involved in heating the troposphere.However,the poor availability of global CO2 measurements makes it difficult to estimate CO2 emissions accurately.展开更多
Flowering time is a trait vital to the adaptation of flowering plants to different environments. Here, we report that CCT domain genes play an important role in flowering in maize （Zea mays L.）. Among the 53 CCT fam...Flowering time is a trait vital to the adaptation of flowering plants to different environments. Here, we report that CCT domain genes play an important role in flowering in maize （Zea mays L.）. Among the 53 CCT family genes we identified in maize, 28 were located in flowering time quantitative trait locus regions and 15 were significantly associated with flowering time, based on candidate-gene association mapping analysis. Furthermore, a CCT gene named ZmCOL3 was shown to be a repressor of flowering. Overexpressing ZmCOL3 delayed flowering time by approximately 4 d, in either long-day or short-day conditions. The absence of one cytosine in the ZmCOL3 3＇UTR and the presence of a 551 bp fragment in the promoter region are likely the causal polymorphisms contributing to the maize adaptation from tropical to temperate regions. We propose a modified model of the maize photoperiod pathway, wherein ZmCOL3 acts as an inhibitor of flowering either by transactivating transcription of ZmCCT, one of the key genes regulating maize flowering, or by interfering with the circadian clock.展开更多
Background The global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） guidelines classify patients into four groups according to the number of symptoms and the l...Background The global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） guidelines classify patients into four groups according to the number of symptoms and the level of future risk of acute exacerbation COPD （AECOPD）. This study aimed to compare the results of different methods used in diagnosis of COPD and evaluate the accuracy of the assessment methods in guiding clinical practice. Methods A survey was conducted of 194 COPD outpatients between March and September 2012. Demographic characteristics, the number of exacerbations the patient has had within the previous 12 months, COPD assessment test （CAT）, Modified British Medical Research Council （mMRC） scale, and results of the lung function tests were recorded. Results Of the 194 patients assessed, 21 had a CAT score 〉10 and an mMRC grade ≤1, 13 had a CAT score 〈10 and an mMRC grade ≥2. A predicted forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1%） of 〈50% with less than two acute exacerbations was observed in 39 patients, while a predicted FEV1% of 〉50% was noted in 20 patients with two or more acute exacerbations. The sensitivity of a predicted FEV1% 〈50% in predicting the risk of AECOPD in the future was 80.9%, while that in the real number of AECOPD events recorded was 62.8%, the difference being statistically significant （P=0.004）. The sensitivity of CAT in predicting the severity of symptoms was 90%, while that of mMRC was 83.8%, and the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions The COPD assessment method recommended by the global initiative for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （GOLD） 2011 is complicated and should be simplified. CAT is more comprehensive and accurate than mMRC. The lung function classification is a better tool for predicting the risk of AECOPD in the future, and the number of AECOPD can be referred to when required.展开更多
目的比较TRIGEN Inter Tan系统与股骨近端防旋髓内钉（PFNA）内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法自2010-01—2012-10分别采用TRIGEN Inter Tan（Smith＆Nephew公司提供）和PFNA（康辉公司提供）内固定治疗56例老年股骨粗隆间骨折...目的比较TRIGEN Inter Tan系统与股骨近端防旋髓内钉（PFNA）内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法自2010-01—2012-10分别采用TRIGEN Inter Tan（Smith＆Nephew公司提供）和PFNA（康辉公司提供）内固定治疗56例老年股骨粗隆间骨折,其中Inter Tan内固定31例,PFNA内固定25例。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及髋关节功能Harris评分。结果 56例均获得平均17.3（9～20）个月随访,1例出现伤口脂肪液化延期愈合,其余无明显并发症。末次随访时骨折均骨性愈合,患者行走能力达到骨折前水平。与Inter Tan组相比,PFNA组手术时间较短、术中出血量较少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。2组住院时间、骨折愈合时间、末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 TRIGEN Inter Tan系统和PFNA均是治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的有效手术方法。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0600203)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program (2011AA12A104)External Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sci-ences (Grant No. GJHZ1507)
文摘1.The need for global carbon monitoring from space and the TanSat mission Global warming is a major problem,for which carbon dioxide（CO2 ）is the main greenhouse gas involved in heating the troposphere.However,the poor availability of global CO2 measurements makes it difficult to estimate CO2 emissions accurately.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31525017, 31771879)+1 种基金Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province (20160520060JH)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Jilin Province (CXGC2017JQ014)
文摘Flowering time is a trait vital to the adaptation of flowering plants to different environments. Here, we report that CCT domain genes play an important role in flowering in maize （Zea mays L.）. Among the 53 CCT family genes we identified in maize, 28 were located in flowering time quantitative trait locus regions and 15 were significantly associated with flowering time, based on candidate-gene association mapping analysis. Furthermore, a CCT gene named ZmCOL3 was shown to be a repressor of flowering. Overexpressing ZmCOL3 delayed flowering time by approximately 4 d, in either long-day or short-day conditions. The absence of one cytosine in the ZmCOL3 3＇UTR and the presence of a 551 bp fragment in the promoter region are likely the causal polymorphisms contributing to the maize adaptation from tropical to temperate regions. We propose a modified model of the maize photoperiod pathway, wherein ZmCOL3 acts as an inhibitor of flowering either by transactivating transcription of ZmCCT, one of the key genes regulating maize flowering, or by interfering with the circadian clock.
文摘Background The global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） guidelines classify patients into four groups according to the number of symptoms and the level of future risk of acute exacerbation COPD （AECOPD）. This study aimed to compare the results of different methods used in diagnosis of COPD and evaluate the accuracy of the assessment methods in guiding clinical practice. Methods A survey was conducted of 194 COPD outpatients between March and September 2012. Demographic characteristics, the number of exacerbations the patient has had within the previous 12 months, COPD assessment test （CAT）, Modified British Medical Research Council （mMRC） scale, and results of the lung function tests were recorded. Results Of the 194 patients assessed, 21 had a CAT score 〉10 and an mMRC grade ≤1, 13 had a CAT score 〈10 and an mMRC grade ≥2. A predicted forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1%） of 〈50% with less than two acute exacerbations was observed in 39 patients, while a predicted FEV1% of 〉50% was noted in 20 patients with two or more acute exacerbations. The sensitivity of a predicted FEV1% 〈50% in predicting the risk of AECOPD in the future was 80.9%, while that in the real number of AECOPD events recorded was 62.8%, the difference being statistically significant （P=0.004）. The sensitivity of CAT in predicting the severity of symptoms was 90%, while that of mMRC was 83.8%, and the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions The COPD assessment method recommended by the global initiative for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （GOLD） 2011 is complicated and should be simplified. CAT is more comprehensive and accurate than mMRC. The lung function classification is a better tool for predicting the risk of AECOPD in the future, and the number of AECOPD can be referred to when required.
文摘目的比较TRIGEN Inter Tan系统与股骨近端防旋髓内钉（PFNA）内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法自2010-01—2012-10分别采用TRIGEN Inter Tan（Smith＆Nephew公司提供）和PFNA（康辉公司提供）内固定治疗56例老年股骨粗隆间骨折,其中Inter Tan内固定31例,PFNA内固定25例。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及髋关节功能Harris评分。结果 56例均获得平均17.3（9～20）个月随访,1例出现伤口脂肪液化延期愈合,其余无明显并发症。末次随访时骨折均骨性愈合,患者行走能力达到骨折前水平。与Inter Tan组相比,PFNA组手术时间较短、术中出血量较少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。2组住院时间、骨折愈合时间、末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 TRIGEN Inter Tan系统和PFNA均是治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的有效手术方法。
