Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) develops in about 25% of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Severity of AP is linked to the presence of systemic organ dysfunctions and/or necrotizing pancreatitis pathomorphologica...Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) develops in about 25% of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Severity of AP is linked to the presence of systemic organ dysfunctions and/or necrotizing pancreatitis pathomorphologically. Risk factors determining independently the outcome of SAP are early multi-organ failure, infection of necrosis and extended necrosis (> 50%). Up to one third of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis develop in the late course infection of necroses. Morbidity of SAP is biphasic, in the first week strongly related to early and persistence of organ or multi-organ dysfunction. Clinical sepsis caused by infected necrosis leading to multi-organ failure syndrome (MOFS) occurs in the later course after the first week. To predict sepsis, MOFS or deaths in the first 48-72 h, the highest predictive accuracy has been objectified for procalcitonin and IL-8; the Sepsis- Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)-score predicts the outcome in the first 48 h, and provides a daily assessment of treatment response with a high positive predictive value. Contrast-enhanced CT provides the highest diagnostic accuracy for necrotizing pancreatitis when performed after the first week of disease. Patients who suffer early organ dysfunctions or at risk of developing a severe disease require early intensive care treatment. Early vigorous intravenous fluid replacement is of foremost importance. The goal is to decrease the hematocrit or restore normal cardiocirculatory functions. Antibiotic prophylaxis has not been shown as an effective preventive treatment. Early enteral feeding is based on a high level of evidence, resulting in a reduction of local and systemic infection. Patients suffering infected necrosis causing clinical sepsis, pancreatic abscess or surgical acute abdomen are candidates for early intervention. Hospital mortality of SAP after interventional or surgical debridement has decreased in high volume centers to below 20%.展开更多
目的:了解1990~2020年近30年来我国冠心病中医证的流行病学调查研究概况。方法:系统检索CNKI、VIP、WANFANG DATA、PubMed等数据库,纳入我国冠心病中医证的流行病学调查研究文献,对其调查目的、调查对象、调查方法及主要调查结果等进行...目的:了解1990~2020年近30年来我国冠心病中医证的流行病学调查研究概况。方法:系统检索CNKI、VIP、WANFANG DATA、PubMed等数据库,纳入我国冠心病中医证的流行病学调查研究文献,对其调查目的、调查对象、调查方法及主要调查结果等进行描述统计。根据NICE推荐的研究质量评价标准以及STROBE声明第四版对纳入文献的方法学质量和报告质量进行评价。结果:①最终纳入139篇目标文献,最早发表于1992年,2007~2020年之间发表130篇(93.5%);调查地区涵盖全国28个省市自治区,主要集中在华北(44.6%)、中南(44.6%)、华东(33.8%)共纳入100546例冠心病患者,累计覆盖707个研究中心,住院或门诊患者占91.0%;②61.9%的调查采用横断面调查研究方法,其余分别采用队列研究方法(28.0%)、病例对照研究方法(10.1%);77.7%的调查主要研究证的分布特征,其余分别为研究证或临床表征的演变规律(28.8%),研究证与理化指标的关系(15.8%),明确辨证依据(10.8%)以及研究证对心血管事件的影响(5%);③主要调查结果显示,频数排名前四位的证为血瘀证(64.2%)、气虚证(57.3%)、痰浊(湿)证(37.8%)、阴虚证(26.7%),呈血瘀证>气虚证>痰浊(湿)证>阴虚证>阳虚证>气滞证>热证>水饮证>寒凝证>血虚证的趋势。不同阶段冠心病患者中医证分布结果显示,稳定性冠心病患者痰浊(湿)证(58.6%)和阳虚证(26.8%)比例高于其他阶段;至急性冠脉综合征阶段开始出现热证(2.8%);冠心病心力衰竭患者气虚证比例最高(81.2%),且近1/3(33.1%)患者出现水饮证。介入术后3个月内,血瘀证比例显著下降(术前68.3%→术后1 d 46.7%→术后1周44.7%→术后1个月35.1%→术后3个月26.2%),但术后6个月又升至42.6%,总体呈先降后升趋势。此外,气虚证成为介入术后各时间点最主要的单元证,且术后6个月比例最高达64.4%;气滞证比例于术后3个月、术后6个月呈上升趋势,热证、血虚证比例�展开更多
Background Respiratory distress syndrome （RDS） is one of the most common causes of neonatal respiratory failure and neonatal death, however, its clinical characteristics are very different from premature RDS, and th...Background Respiratory distress syndrome （RDS） is one of the most common causes of neonatal respiratory failure and neonatal death, however, its clinical characteristics are very different from premature RDS, and these characteristics have not been well documented as yet. This study was to investigate the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and management strategies of RDS in full-term neonates, with the aim of developing a working protocol for improving the outcome in full-term neonates with RDS. Methods A total of 125 full-term infants with RDS were enrolled in this study. Their clinical and laboratory data were collected for analyzing the characteristics of full-term neonatal RDS. Results （1） The 125 cases included 94 male and 31 female infants, vaginal delivery occurred in 80 cases and cesarean section in 45 cases. （2） The onset time of RDS was （3.11±3.59） hours after birth. （3）The possible reasons included severe perinatal infections in 63 patients, elective cesarean section in 34 cases, severe birth asphyxia in 12 patients, meconium aspiration syndrome in 9 patients, pulmonary hemorrhage in 4 patients and maternal diabetes in 3 patients. （4） Complications included multiple organ system failure （MOSF） in 49 patients, persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn （PPHN） in 25 patients, acute renal failure in 18 patients, severe hyperkalemia in 25 patients, severe metabolic acidosis in 6 cases, severe myocardial injury in 9 cases, pulmonary hemorrhage in 3 cases, disseminated intravascular coagulation in 14 patients and shock in 12 patients.（5） Four patients died, the mortality was therefore 3.2% with the main cause of septicemia complicating of MOSF, but their prognosis was improved while comprehensive treatment measures including early mechanical ventilation and broad spectrum antibiotics were taken into account. Conclusions RDS is not an uncommon disease in full-term infants and is associated with a higher mortality, its clinical characteristics are very different from展开更多
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome （SFTS） is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS virus （SFTSV）. SFTSV is associated with a high mortality rate and has been reported in China, South Korea and Jap...Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome （SFTS） is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS virus （SFTSV）. SFTSV is associated with a high mortality rate and has been reported in China, South Korea and Japan. SFTSV undergoes rapid changes owing to evolution, gene mutations, and reassortment between different strains of SFTSV. In this review, we summarize the recent cases and general properties of SFTS, focusing on the epidemiology, genetic diversity, clinical features, and diagnostics of SFTSV in China. From 2010 to October 2016, SFTS cases were reported in 23 provinces of China, with increased numbers yearly. Infection and death cases are mainly found in central China, where the Haemaphysalis Iongicornis ticks are spread. The national average mortality rate of SFTS infection was 5.3%, with higher risk to elder people. The main epidemic period was from May to July, with a peak in May. Thus, SFTS reminds a significant public health problem, and development of prophylactic vaccines and effective antiviral drugs will be highly needed.展开更多
Objective To estimate the relative risks of dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndromes among overweight and obese Chinese children compared with their normal weight counterparts. Methods Ov...Objective To estimate the relative risks of dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndromes among overweight and obese Chinese children compared with their normal weight counterparts. Methods Overweight and obesity were defined by age- and sex-specific BMI classification reference for Chinese children and adolescents. Pediatric metabolic syndrome （MetS） and each risk factor for MetS were defined using the criteria for US adolescents. Definition of hyper-TC, LDL, and dyslipidemia for adults was applied as well. General linear model factor analysis and chi-square test were used to compare the difference in metabolic indicators among normal weight, overweight, and obese groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio of metabolic abnormalities between obesity, overweight, and normal weight children, after adjustment for living area, family economic level, age, sex, and daily exercise time and TV watching time, as well as different dietary indices in the model. Results Significant increases in blood lipids, glucose, and blood pressure were found among overweight and obese children as compared with their counterparts with normal weight. By applying WGOC-recommended BMI classification, the risks for hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL and dyslipidemia among overweight children were 1.9, 1.4, and 1.5 times, and was 3.3, 1.5, and 1.8 times among obese groups compared to their counterparts with normal weight after adjustment for age, sex, region, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and dietary intakes. The overweight and obese children （15-17.9 years） had a high-risk of developing hypertension, which was 2.3 and 2.9 times higher than their counterparts with normal weight. Above 90% obese adolescents had abdominal obesity, while less than 1% normal weight ones had abdominal obesity. No obese adolescents were free from any risk factors for MetS, while 36.9% of normal weight adolescents were from the risk factors. 83.3% obese boys and all obese girls had me展开更多
Gastroenteric tube feeding plays a major role in the management of patients with poor voluntary intake,chronic neurological or mechanical dysphagia or gut dysfunction,and patients who are critically ill.However,despit...Gastroenteric tube feeding plays a major role in the management of patients with poor voluntary intake,chronic neurological or mechanical dysphagia or gut dysfunction,and patients who are critically ill.However,despite the benefits and widespread use of enteral tube feeding,some patients experience complications.This review aims to discuss and compare current knowledge regarding the clinical application of enteral tube feeding,together with associated complications and special aspects.We conducted an extensive literature search on PubMed,Embase and Medline using index terms relating to enteral access,enteral feeding/nutrition,tube feeding,percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy/jejunostomy,endoscopic nasoenteric tube,nasogastric tube,and refeeding syndrome.The literature showed common routes of enteral access to include nasoenteral tube,gastrostomy and jejunostomy,while complications fall into four major categories:mechanical,e.g.,tube blockage or removal;gastrointestinal,e.g.,diarrhea;infectious e.g.,aspiration pneumonia,tube site infection;and metabolic,e.g.,refeeding syndrome,hyperglycemia.Although the type and frequency of complications arising from tube feeding vary considerably according to the chosen access route,gastrointestinal complications are without doubt the most common.Complications associated with enteral tube feeding can be reduced by careful observance of guidelines,including those related to food composition,administration rate,portion size,food temperature and patient supervision.展开更多
目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期常见证候及其特征。方法:收集4所三甲医院COPD急性加重期患者资料,使用Epidata软件建立数据库,运用SPSS 13.0 for windows统计软件包进行频次和频率的统计描述及Logistic回归方法分析。结果:1...目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期常见证候及其特征。方法:收集4所三甲医院COPD急性加重期患者资料,使用Epidata软件建立数据库,运用SPSS 13.0 for windows统计软件包进行频次和频率的统计描述及Logistic回归方法分析。结果:1046例患者中出现了28个证候,其中频率与构成比最高的证候是痰热壅肺证,分别为60.23%、8.77%,其次是肺气虚证,分别为46.18%、6.73%。COPD急性加重期常见证候有痰热壅肺证、外寒内饮证、痰湿阻肺证、痰瘀阻肺证、肺脾气虚证、肺肾气虚证、肺肾阴虚证、肺肾气阴两虚证,并对其主次症特征作了分析。结论:COPD急性加重期常见证候有8种,其中痰热壅肺证是最常见的一种。展开更多
文摘Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) develops in about 25% of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Severity of AP is linked to the presence of systemic organ dysfunctions and/or necrotizing pancreatitis pathomorphologically. Risk factors determining independently the outcome of SAP are early multi-organ failure, infection of necrosis and extended necrosis (> 50%). Up to one third of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis develop in the late course infection of necroses. Morbidity of SAP is biphasic, in the first week strongly related to early and persistence of organ or multi-organ dysfunction. Clinical sepsis caused by infected necrosis leading to multi-organ failure syndrome (MOFS) occurs in the later course after the first week. To predict sepsis, MOFS or deaths in the first 48-72 h, the highest predictive accuracy has been objectified for procalcitonin and IL-8; the Sepsis- Related Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)-score predicts the outcome in the first 48 h, and provides a daily assessment of treatment response with a high positive predictive value. Contrast-enhanced CT provides the highest diagnostic accuracy for necrotizing pancreatitis when performed after the first week of disease. Patients who suffer early organ dysfunctions or at risk of developing a severe disease require early intensive care treatment. Early vigorous intravenous fluid replacement is of foremost importance. The goal is to decrease the hematocrit or restore normal cardiocirculatory functions. Antibiotic prophylaxis has not been shown as an effective preventive treatment. Early enteral feeding is based on a high level of evidence, resulting in a reduction of local and systemic infection. Patients suffering infected necrosis causing clinical sepsis, pancreatic abscess or surgical acute abdomen are candidates for early intervention. Hospital mortality of SAP after interventional or surgical debridement has decreased in high volume centers to below 20%.
文摘目的:了解1990~2020年近30年来我国冠心病中医证的流行病学调查研究概况。方法:系统检索CNKI、VIP、WANFANG DATA、PubMed等数据库,纳入我国冠心病中医证的流行病学调查研究文献,对其调查目的、调查对象、调查方法及主要调查结果等进行描述统计。根据NICE推荐的研究质量评价标准以及STROBE声明第四版对纳入文献的方法学质量和报告质量进行评价。结果:①最终纳入139篇目标文献,最早发表于1992年,2007~2020年之间发表130篇(93.5%);调查地区涵盖全国28个省市自治区,主要集中在华北(44.6%)、中南(44.6%)、华东(33.8%)共纳入100546例冠心病患者,累计覆盖707个研究中心,住院或门诊患者占91.0%;②61.9%的调查采用横断面调查研究方法,其余分别采用队列研究方法(28.0%)、病例对照研究方法(10.1%);77.7%的调查主要研究证的分布特征,其余分别为研究证或临床表征的演变规律(28.8%),研究证与理化指标的关系(15.8%),明确辨证依据(10.8%)以及研究证对心血管事件的影响(5%);③主要调查结果显示,频数排名前四位的证为血瘀证(64.2%)、气虚证(57.3%)、痰浊(湿)证(37.8%)、阴虚证(26.7%),呈血瘀证>气虚证>痰浊(湿)证>阴虚证>阳虚证>气滞证>热证>水饮证>寒凝证>血虚证的趋势。不同阶段冠心病患者中医证分布结果显示,稳定性冠心病患者痰浊(湿)证(58.6%)和阳虚证(26.8%)比例高于其他阶段;至急性冠脉综合征阶段开始出现热证(2.8%);冠心病心力衰竭患者气虚证比例最高(81.2%),且近1/3(33.1%)患者出现水饮证。介入术后3个月内,血瘀证比例显著下降(术前68.3%→术后1 d 46.7%→术后1周44.7%→术后1个月35.1%→术后3个月26.2%),但术后6个月又升至42.6%,总体呈先降后升趋势。此外,气虚证成为介入术后各时间点最主要的单元证,且术后6个月比例最高达64.4%;气滞证比例于术后3个月、术后6个月呈上升趋势,热证、血虚证比例�
基金This work was supported by the grants from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （No. 20080431405＆ No. 200801041）.
文摘Background Respiratory distress syndrome （RDS） is one of the most common causes of neonatal respiratory failure and neonatal death, however, its clinical characteristics are very different from premature RDS, and these characteristics have not been well documented as yet. This study was to investigate the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics and management strategies of RDS in full-term neonates, with the aim of developing a working protocol for improving the outcome in full-term neonates with RDS. Methods A total of 125 full-term infants with RDS were enrolled in this study. Their clinical and laboratory data were collected for analyzing the characteristics of full-term neonatal RDS. Results （1） The 125 cases included 94 male and 31 female infants, vaginal delivery occurred in 80 cases and cesarean section in 45 cases. （2） The onset time of RDS was （3.11±3.59） hours after birth. （3）The possible reasons included severe perinatal infections in 63 patients, elective cesarean section in 34 cases, severe birth asphyxia in 12 patients, meconium aspiration syndrome in 9 patients, pulmonary hemorrhage in 4 patients and maternal diabetes in 3 patients. （4） Complications included multiple organ system failure （MOSF） in 49 patients, persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn （PPHN） in 25 patients, acute renal failure in 18 patients, severe hyperkalemia in 25 patients, severe metabolic acidosis in 6 cases, severe myocardial injury in 9 cases, pulmonary hemorrhage in 3 cases, disseminated intravascular coagulation in 14 patients and shock in 12 patients.（5） Four patients died, the mortality was therefore 3.2% with the main cause of septicemia complicating of MOSF, but their prognosis was improved while comprehensive treatment measures including early mechanical ventilation and broad spectrum antibiotics were taken into account. Conclusions RDS is not an uncommon disease in full-term infants and is associated with a higher mortality, its clinical characteristics are very different from
基金supported by grants from the China Mega-Project for Infectious Diseases (2012ZX10004207)the China-US Collaborative Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (S2012Y03)+1 种基金the key project of the Health Ministry of Hubei Province (JX5A06)the Hubei Provincial Outstanding Medical Academic Leader program
文摘Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome （SFTS） is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS virus （SFTSV）. SFTSV is associated with a high mortality rate and has been reported in China, South Korea and Japan. SFTSV undergoes rapid changes owing to evolution, gene mutations, and reassortment between different strains of SFTSV. In this review, we summarize the recent cases and general properties of SFTS, focusing on the epidemiology, genetic diversity, clinical features, and diagnostics of SFTSV in China. From 2010 to October 2016, SFTS cases were reported in 23 provinces of China, with increased numbers yearly. Infection and death cases are mainly found in central China, where the Haemaphysalis Iongicornis ticks are spread. The national average mortality rate of SFTS infection was 5.3%, with higher risk to elder people. The main epidemic period was from May to July, with a peak in May. Thus, SFTS reminds a significant public health problem, and development of prophylactic vaccines and effective antiviral drugs will be highly needed.
基金This study was funded by Ministry of Health of Science and Technology (2001 DEA 30035,2002D2A40022,2003DIA6N008), China.
文摘Objective To estimate the relative risks of dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndromes among overweight and obese Chinese children compared with their normal weight counterparts. Methods Overweight and obesity were defined by age- and sex-specific BMI classification reference for Chinese children and adolescents. Pediatric metabolic syndrome （MetS） and each risk factor for MetS were defined using the criteria for US adolescents. Definition of hyper-TC, LDL, and dyslipidemia for adults was applied as well. General linear model factor analysis and chi-square test were used to compare the difference in metabolic indicators among normal weight, overweight, and obese groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio of metabolic abnormalities between obesity, overweight, and normal weight children, after adjustment for living area, family economic level, age, sex, and daily exercise time and TV watching time, as well as different dietary indices in the model. Results Significant increases in blood lipids, glucose, and blood pressure were found among overweight and obese children as compared with their counterparts with normal weight. By applying WGOC-recommended BMI classification, the risks for hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL and dyslipidemia among overweight children were 1.9, 1.4, and 1.5 times, and was 3.3, 1.5, and 1.8 times among obese groups compared to their counterparts with normal weight after adjustment for age, sex, region, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and dietary intakes. The overweight and obese children （15-17.9 years） had a high-risk of developing hypertension, which was 2.3 and 2.9 times higher than their counterparts with normal weight. Above 90% obese adolescents had abdominal obesity, while less than 1% normal weight ones had abdominal obesity. No obese adolescents were free from any risk factors for MetS, while 36.9% of normal weight adolescents were from the risk factors. 83.3% obese boys and all obese girls had me
文摘Gastroenteric tube feeding plays a major role in the management of patients with poor voluntary intake,chronic neurological or mechanical dysphagia or gut dysfunction,and patients who are critically ill.However,despite the benefits and widespread use of enteral tube feeding,some patients experience complications.This review aims to discuss and compare current knowledge regarding the clinical application of enteral tube feeding,together with associated complications and special aspects.We conducted an extensive literature search on PubMed,Embase and Medline using index terms relating to enteral access,enteral feeding/nutrition,tube feeding,percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy/jejunostomy,endoscopic nasoenteric tube,nasogastric tube,and refeeding syndrome.The literature showed common routes of enteral access to include nasoenteral tube,gastrostomy and jejunostomy,while complications fall into four major categories:mechanical,e.g.,tube blockage or removal;gastrointestinal,e.g.,diarrhea;infectious e.g.,aspiration pneumonia,tube site infection;and metabolic,e.g.,refeeding syndrome,hyperglycemia.Although the type and frequency of complications arising from tube feeding vary considerably according to the chosen access route,gastrointestinal complications are without doubt the most common.Complications associated with enteral tube feeding can be reduced by careful observance of guidelines,including those related to food composition,administration rate,portion size,food temperature and patient supervision.
文摘目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期常见证候及其特征。方法:收集4所三甲医院COPD急性加重期患者资料,使用Epidata软件建立数据库,运用SPSS 13.0 for windows统计软件包进行频次和频率的统计描述及Logistic回归方法分析。结果:1046例患者中出现了28个证候,其中频率与构成比最高的证候是痰热壅肺证,分别为60.23%、8.77%,其次是肺气虚证,分别为46.18%、6.73%。COPD急性加重期常见证候有痰热壅肺证、外寒内饮证、痰湿阻肺证、痰瘀阻肺证、肺脾气虚证、肺肾气虚证、肺肾阴虚证、肺肾气阴两虚证,并对其主次症特征作了分析。结论:COPD急性加重期常见证候有8种,其中痰热壅肺证是最常见的一种。
