Aims Mistletoe infection between intra- and interspecific hosts can be restricted by seed dispersal, host–mistletoe compatibility and other factors, yet few studies have linked seed dispersal and seedling establishme...Aims Mistletoe infection between intra- and interspecific hosts can be restricted by seed dispersal, host–mistletoe compatibility and other factors, yet few studies have linked seed dispersal and seedling establishment together for understanding mistletoe plant distribution and demography together in different anthropogenic disturbance forest types at a local scale. The objectives of this study were to examine how three factors—seed disperser behavior, post-dispersal host compatibility and canopy cover—affect the spatial distribution of a generalist mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (Loranthaceae) in plantation and rainforest within Xishuangbanna, Southwest China.MethodsWe observed mistletoe D. pentandra infection patterns at the scale of individual trees and sixteen 400-m2 forest plots in adjacent plantation and rainforest within Xishuangbanna. To elucidate what determines infection patterns at different scales and in different forest types, we observed the behavior of major avian seed dispersers and carried out a seed inoculation experiment to examine how post-dispersal compatibility and light incidence affect the infection of different hosts.Important FindingsDendrophthoe pentandra displayed an aggregated distribution and infected 10 species in our study site, with a significantly higher infection prevalence and intensity in the plantation than in the tropical forest. Different seed dispersers provided contrasting initial mistletoe templates: the specialist frugivore Dicaeum concolor (plain flowerpecker) preferred to fly between mistletoes in infected trees in the plantation and likely intensified existing infections. In contrast, the dietary generalist Pycnonotus jocosus(red-whiskered bulbul) was more likely to visit uninfected trees, thereby establishing new infections. Thus, seed dispersal appears to be an important determinant of the mistletoes distribution, with deposition patterns providing an initial distribution template and determining small-scale patterns. However, post-dispersal and abiotic fa展开更多
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer(ATC)is an aggressive,rare malignancy associated with rapid growth and metastasis,and a very poor prognosis.We investigated the clinical characteristics,survival outcomes and indepe...BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer(ATC)is an aggressive,rare malignancy associated with rapid growth and metastasis,and a very poor prognosis.We investigated the clinical characteristics,survival outcomes and independent prognostic factors associated with anaplastic thyroid cancer.AIM To assess to what extent the interaction between age and tumor stage affects mortality.METHODS A total of 622 patients diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid cancer,between 2010 and 2017 were enrolled in our study by retrieving data from the Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results(SEER)database.We analyzed demographics,clinical characteristics,overall mortality(OM)and cancer specific mortality(CSM)of ATC.Variables with a P value<0.1 were incorporated into the multivariate cox model to determine the independent prognostic factors.Furthermore,we analyzed the interaction between age and tumor stage on mortality.RESULTS In the multivariate analyses,the divorced/separated population had a lower OM[hazard ratio(HR)=0.63,95%CI:0.42-0.94,P<0.05]and CSM(HR=0.61,95%CI:0.40-0.92,P<0.05).OM was higher in tumors with direct extension only(HR=6.26,95%CI:1.29-30.42,P<0.05)and tumors with distant spread(HR=5.73,95%CI:1.34-24.51,P<0.05).CSM was also higher in tumors with direct extension(HR=5.05,95%CI:1.05-24.19,P<0.05)and tumors with distant spread(HR=4.57,95%CI:1.08-19.29,P<0.05).Mortality was not adversely affected by lymph node involvement.OM was lower in patients who received radiation(HR=0.66,95%CI:0.53-0.83,P<0.01),chemotherapy(HR=0.63,95%CI:0.50-0.79,P<0.01)or surgery(HR=0.53,95%CI:0.43-0.66,P<0.01).CSM was also lower in patient who received radiation(HR=0.64,95%CI:0.51-0.81,P<0.01),chemotherapy(HR=0.62,95%CI:0.50-0.78,P<0.01)or surgery(HR=0.51,95%CI:0.41-0.63,P<0.01).There was no significant interaction between age and tumor stage that affected mortality.CONCLUSION In this large US SEER database retrospective study,we found the mortality to be higher in advanced stage tumors with direct extension and distant metastasis.However,patients who r展开更多
Introduction: Proton pump inhibitors (PPi) are widely prescribed, including in patients undergoing treatment for advanced breast cancer (ABC). Due to the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the CDK4/6 inhibitor (Ci) pa...Introduction: Proton pump inhibitors (PPi) are widely prescribed, including in patients undergoing treatment for advanced breast cancer (ABC). Due to the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the CDK4/6 inhibitor (Ci) palbociclib a drug interaction with PPi was hypothesized. It was shown in a retrospective study that this association was an independent predictive factor for worse progression-free survival (PFS). Objective: To verify the impact of concomitant administration of PPi with Ci on overall survival (OS) and PFS. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients treated with Ci for HR+HER2-ABC in the period from Feb/2017 to Aug/2020. SPSS software was used for data processing. Univariate analysis was done by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, and multivariate analysis by COX regression. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 80 patients were included. The median age at diagnosis of ABC was 56 years (25 - 75). Treatment with Ci was 1st line for ABC in 68.8%. Choice of Ci was palbociclib in 73.8% (n = 59) and ribociclib in 26.3% (n = 21). The hormone partner was a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor in 45.0%, and fulvestrant in 55.0% of cases. 37.5% of patients were on PPi, and 70.0% of them were during the entire treatment (23.3% omeprazole, 73.4% pantoprazole, 3.3% others). Patients taking concomitant PPi and Ci had lower OS (OS-3 years 42.6% vs. 63.4%, p = 0.254) and PFS (PFS med 15 m. vs. 21 m., p = 0.733), although with no statistically significant difference. Discussion: In the sample, there was a numerical difference, without the statistical significance in the use of PPi in the survival of patients under Ci. This difference could be more evident with a longer follow-up and a larger sample size. This study intends to alert to the growing importance of checking for drug interactions. Polymedication, advanced age and the presence of several comorbidities are real problems in patients with ABC. Conclusion: Real-world data from this center demonstrate a negative, non-s展开更多
[Objective] On the basis of previous researches, this experiment aimed to analyze the effect of K＊ and the interaction of K＋ , salinity （ s）, Ca2＋ , Mg2＋ on growth and adenosine triphosphatase （ATPase）, which ...[Objective] On the basis of previous researches, this experiment aimed to analyze the effect of K＊ and the interaction of K＋ , salinity （ s）, Ca2＋ , Mg2＋ on growth and adenosine triphosphatase （ATPase）, which was closely related to growth, of Litopenaeus vannamei. [Method] 5 -week Litopenaeus vannamei breeding experiment was performed according to L16（215） orthogonal experiment design. Then the effect of K＋ and the interaction of K＋ , salinity, Ca2＋ , Mg2＋ in water on survival, growth and ATP enzyme activity of Litopenaeus vannamei. [Result] K＋ had signifi- cant effect on survival rate, length and weight gain, ATP enzyme activity in Litopenaeus vannarnei. The highest survival rate was at K＂ of 150 rng/L. The fastest growth rate was at 50 mg/L, as well as the activities of Na＊ - K＋ -ATPase, Mg2＋ -ATPase, Ca＋ -ATPase. The interaction of salini- ty, Ca2＋ , Mg2＋ , K ＋ in water also had significant effect on survival rate, length and weight gain, ATP enzyme activity in Litopenaeus vannamei. [Conclusion] Among the horizontal combinations of factors in the experiment, the optimal combination for Litopenaeus vannamei survival rate was salinity of 15, K＋ of 150 mg/L, Ca2＋ of 100 mg/L, Mg2＋ of 300 mg/L, the optimal combination for growth rate was salinity of 15, K＋ of 50 mg/L, Ca2＋ 100 mg/L, Mg2＋ 100 mg/L, the optimal combination for Na＋ -K＊ -ATPase, Mg2＋ -ATPase, Ca2＋ -ATPase activity in Litopenaeus van- namei was salinity of 5, K＋ of 50 mg/L, Ca2＋ of 100 mg/L, Mg2＋ of 100 mg/L.展开更多
利用7个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)引进群体,通过双列杂交和巢式交配设计构建家系,建立育种基础群体,估计体重、存活性状的遗传参数和基因型与环境互作效应(genotype by environment interactions,G×E)。结果表明,凡纳滨对...利用7个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)引进群体,通过双列杂交和巢式交配设计构建家系,建立育种基础群体,估计体重、存活性状的遗传参数和基因型与环境互作效应(genotype by environment interactions,G×E)。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾基础群体体重和存活性状的遗传力估计值范围分别在(0.19±0.09)—(0.43±0.09),(0.27±0.04)—(0.45±0.06),均属于中高遗传力水平,并且统计检验显著(P<0.05)。Z-score检验表明,体重和存活性状遗传力估计值在河北黄骅(HBHH)和青岛鳌山(QBAS)两个测试场间差异均不显著。体重和存活性状的表型和遗传相关系数分别为0.007和0.008,表现为低度线性负相关。对于体重和存活性状,HBHH和QBAS场间的遗传相关分别为0.83±0.04和0.40±0.11。体重性状的G×E效应不显著(K<0.5),但存活性状存在显著的G×E效应(K>0.5)。上述结果显示,凡纳滨对虾基础群体体重和存活性状的遗传变异丰富,多代选择可获得较大的遗传进展。展开更多
针对凡纳滨对虾生长和存活性状,本实验估算了零换水养殖模式下的遗传参数,分析该模式与大换水量养殖模式的基因型与环境互作效应(genotype by environment interaction effect,G×E),为后续留种、配种方案制定等育种规划工作提供依...针对凡纳滨对虾生长和存活性状,本实验估算了零换水养殖模式下的遗传参数,分析该模式与大换水量养殖模式的基因型与环境互作效应(genotype by environment interaction effect,G×E),为后续留种、配种方案制定等育种规划工作提供依据。通过人工授精技术,定向交尾建立了51个凡纳滨对虾全同胞家系。利用荧光标记识别家系,采用零换水养殖模式混养52 d后,测量并记录2个养殖池中的3822尾存活虾的体质量、体长及性别等信息。采用线性(广义线性)混合效应模型和REML算法,基于个体动物模型和父母本阈值模型估计生长和存活性状的方差组分和遗传力。结果显示,收获体质量和存活率具有较大变异系数。收获体质量和体长的遗传力分别为0.49±0.08和0.43±0.07,均属于中高遗传力(h2≥0.15);存活的遗传力为0.11±0.03,属于低遗传力(h2<0.15)。收获体质量与收获体长的遗传相关系数为0.98±0.01;收获体质量和体长与存活的遗传相关系数分别为0.31±0.15和0.34±0.15。对于体质量和存活性状,零换水和大换水量养殖模式间的遗传相关系数分别为0.62±0.11和0.65±0.11,G×E效应显著(K>0.5)。综上所述,凡纳滨对虾在零换水养殖模式下存在较高的遗传变异,但是与大换水量常规养殖模式相比,家系间存在较大的重排序效应,因此针对该养殖模式应单独建立选育系进行新品种培育。展开更多
基金National Science Foundation of China(31170406)the key project of the Chinese Academy of Science(KSCX2-EW-Q-17)Queensland—Chinese Academy of Sciences(QCAS)Biotechnology Fund(GJHZ1130).
文摘Aims Mistletoe infection between intra- and interspecific hosts can be restricted by seed dispersal, host–mistletoe compatibility and other factors, yet few studies have linked seed dispersal and seedling establishment together for understanding mistletoe plant distribution and demography together in different anthropogenic disturbance forest types at a local scale. The objectives of this study were to examine how three factors—seed disperser behavior, post-dispersal host compatibility and canopy cover—affect the spatial distribution of a generalist mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (Loranthaceae) in plantation and rainforest within Xishuangbanna, Southwest China.MethodsWe observed mistletoe D. pentandra infection patterns at the scale of individual trees and sixteen 400-m2 forest plots in adjacent plantation and rainforest within Xishuangbanna. To elucidate what determines infection patterns at different scales and in different forest types, we observed the behavior of major avian seed dispersers and carried out a seed inoculation experiment to examine how post-dispersal compatibility and light incidence affect the infection of different hosts.Important FindingsDendrophthoe pentandra displayed an aggregated distribution and infected 10 species in our study site, with a significantly higher infection prevalence and intensity in the plantation than in the tropical forest. Different seed dispersers provided contrasting initial mistletoe templates: the specialist frugivore Dicaeum concolor (plain flowerpecker) preferred to fly between mistletoes in infected trees in the plantation and likely intensified existing infections. In contrast, the dietary generalist Pycnonotus jocosus(red-whiskered bulbul) was more likely to visit uninfected trees, thereby establishing new infections. Thus, seed dispersal appears to be an important determinant of the mistletoes distribution, with deposition patterns providing an initial distribution template and determining small-scale patterns. However, post-dispersal and abiotic fa
文摘BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer(ATC)is an aggressive,rare malignancy associated with rapid growth and metastasis,and a very poor prognosis.We investigated the clinical characteristics,survival outcomes and independent prognostic factors associated with anaplastic thyroid cancer.AIM To assess to what extent the interaction between age and tumor stage affects mortality.METHODS A total of 622 patients diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid cancer,between 2010 and 2017 were enrolled in our study by retrieving data from the Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results(SEER)database.We analyzed demographics,clinical characteristics,overall mortality(OM)and cancer specific mortality(CSM)of ATC.Variables with a P value<0.1 were incorporated into the multivariate cox model to determine the independent prognostic factors.Furthermore,we analyzed the interaction between age and tumor stage on mortality.RESULTS In the multivariate analyses,the divorced/separated population had a lower OM[hazard ratio(HR)=0.63,95%CI:0.42-0.94,P<0.05]and CSM(HR=0.61,95%CI:0.40-0.92,P<0.05).OM was higher in tumors with direct extension only(HR=6.26,95%CI:1.29-30.42,P<0.05)and tumors with distant spread(HR=5.73,95%CI:1.34-24.51,P<0.05).CSM was also higher in tumors with direct extension(HR=5.05,95%CI:1.05-24.19,P<0.05)and tumors with distant spread(HR=4.57,95%CI:1.08-19.29,P<0.05).Mortality was not adversely affected by lymph node involvement.OM was lower in patients who received radiation(HR=0.66,95%CI:0.53-0.83,P<0.01),chemotherapy(HR=0.63,95%CI:0.50-0.79,P<0.01)or surgery(HR=0.53,95%CI:0.43-0.66,P<0.01).CSM was also lower in patient who received radiation(HR=0.64,95%CI:0.51-0.81,P<0.01),chemotherapy(HR=0.62,95%CI:0.50-0.78,P<0.01)or surgery(HR=0.51,95%CI:0.41-0.63,P<0.01).There was no significant interaction between age and tumor stage that affected mortality.CONCLUSION In this large US SEER database retrospective study,we found the mortality to be higher in advanced stage tumors with direct extension and distant metastasis.However,patients who r
文摘Introduction: Proton pump inhibitors (PPi) are widely prescribed, including in patients undergoing treatment for advanced breast cancer (ABC). Due to the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the CDK4/6 inhibitor (Ci) palbociclib a drug interaction with PPi was hypothesized. It was shown in a retrospective study that this association was an independent predictive factor for worse progression-free survival (PFS). Objective: To verify the impact of concomitant administration of PPi with Ci on overall survival (OS) and PFS. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients treated with Ci for HR+HER2-ABC in the period from Feb/2017 to Aug/2020. SPSS software was used for data processing. Univariate analysis was done by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, and multivariate analysis by COX regression. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: 80 patients were included. The median age at diagnosis of ABC was 56 years (25 - 75). Treatment with Ci was 1st line for ABC in 68.8%. Choice of Ci was palbociclib in 73.8% (n = 59) and ribociclib in 26.3% (n = 21). The hormone partner was a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor in 45.0%, and fulvestrant in 55.0% of cases. 37.5% of patients were on PPi, and 70.0% of them were during the entire treatment (23.3% omeprazole, 73.4% pantoprazole, 3.3% others). Patients taking concomitant PPi and Ci had lower OS (OS-3 years 42.6% vs. 63.4%, p = 0.254) and PFS (PFS med 15 m. vs. 21 m., p = 0.733), although with no statistically significant difference. Discussion: In the sample, there was a numerical difference, without the statistical significance in the use of PPi in the survival of patients under Ci. This difference could be more evident with a longer follow-up and a larger sample size. This study intends to alert to the growing importance of checking for drug interactions. Polymedication, advanced age and the presence of several comorbidities are real problems in patients with ABC. Conclusion: Real-world data from this center demonstrate a negative, non-s
基金Key Projects of Science and Technology Promoting Farm in Shanghai City (Shanghai Agricultural Key Project [2010] No.1-6 )Science and Technology Promoting Projects of Science and Technology Promoting Farm in Shanghai City(Shanghai Agricultural Promoting Project [2008]No.5 -1 )Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Education Commission(J50701)
文摘[Objective] On the basis of previous researches, this experiment aimed to analyze the effect of K＊ and the interaction of K＋ , salinity （ s）, Ca2＋ , Mg2＋ on growth and adenosine triphosphatase （ATPase）, which was closely related to growth, of Litopenaeus vannamei. [Method] 5 -week Litopenaeus vannamei breeding experiment was performed according to L16（215） orthogonal experiment design. Then the effect of K＋ and the interaction of K＋ , salinity, Ca2＋ , Mg2＋ in water on survival, growth and ATP enzyme activity of Litopenaeus vannamei. [Result] K＋ had signifi- cant effect on survival rate, length and weight gain, ATP enzyme activity in Litopenaeus vannarnei. The highest survival rate was at K＂ of 150 rng/L. The fastest growth rate was at 50 mg/L, as well as the activities of Na＊ - K＋ -ATPase, Mg2＋ -ATPase, Ca＋ -ATPase. The interaction of salini- ty, Ca2＋ , Mg2＋ , K ＋ in water also had significant effect on survival rate, length and weight gain, ATP enzyme activity in Litopenaeus vannamei. [Conclusion] Among the horizontal combinations of factors in the experiment, the optimal combination for Litopenaeus vannamei survival rate was salinity of 15, K＋ of 150 mg/L, Ca2＋ of 100 mg/L, Mg2＋ of 300 mg/L, the optimal combination for growth rate was salinity of 15, K＋ of 50 mg/L, Ca2＋ 100 mg/L, Mg2＋ 100 mg/L, the optimal combination for Na＋ -K＊ -ATPase, Mg2＋ -ATPase, Ca2＋ -ATPase activity in Litopenaeus van- namei was salinity of 5, K＋ of 50 mg/L, Ca2＋ of 100 mg/L, Mg2＋ of 100 mg/L.
文摘利用7个凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)引进群体,通过双列杂交和巢式交配设计构建家系,建立育种基础群体,估计体重、存活性状的遗传参数和基因型与环境互作效应(genotype by environment interactions,G×E)。结果表明,凡纳滨对虾基础群体体重和存活性状的遗传力估计值范围分别在(0.19±0.09)—(0.43±0.09),(0.27±0.04)—(0.45±0.06),均属于中高遗传力水平,并且统计检验显著(P<0.05)。Z-score检验表明,体重和存活性状遗传力估计值在河北黄骅(HBHH)和青岛鳌山(QBAS)两个测试场间差异均不显著。体重和存活性状的表型和遗传相关系数分别为0.007和0.008,表现为低度线性负相关。对于体重和存活性状,HBHH和QBAS场间的遗传相关分别为0.83±0.04和0.40±0.11。体重性状的G×E效应不显著(K<0.5),但存活性状存在显著的G×E效应(K>0.5)。上述结果显示,凡纳滨对虾基础群体体重和存活性状的遗传变异丰富,多代选择可获得较大的遗传进展。
