This paper presents an optimization model for the location and capacity of electric vehicle(EV)charging stations.The model takes the multiple factors of the“vehicle-station-grid”system into account.Then,ArcScene is ...This paper presents an optimization model for the location and capacity of electric vehicle(EV)charging stations.The model takes the multiple factors of the“vehicle-station-grid”system into account.Then,ArcScene is used to couple the road and power grid models and ensure that the coupling system is strictly under the goal of minimizing the total social cost,which includes the operator cost,user charging cost,and power grid loss.An immune particle swarm optimization algorithm(IPSOA)is proposed in this paper to obtain the optimal coupling strategy.The simulation results show that the algorithm has good convergence and performs well in solving multi-modal problems.It also balances the interests of users,operators,and the power grid.Compared with other schemes,the grid loss cost is reduced by 11.1%and 17.8%,and the total social cost decreases by 9.96%and 3.22%.展开更多
The origins and prehistoric spread of rice agriculture between East and West Asia are hot topics in the current archaeological community.In this study,we present the results from a preliminary archaeobotanical study a...The origins and prehistoric spread of rice agriculture between East and West Asia are hot topics in the current archaeological community.In this study,we present the results from a preliminary archaeobotanical study at the Khalchayan site in Uzbekistan,where we recovered the oldest securely dated rice thus far identified in Central Asia.We directly dated the rice grains to 1714–1756 cal yr BP(Kushan period),and morphologically compared them with other contemporaneous cultivated rice remains from China and India.The morphological results showed that the rice remains found at Khalchayan are more similar to cultivated japonica rice from southern China and northwestern India.Integrated archeological and chronological results from the surrounding area show that the rice remains found at Khalchayan likely spread along a southern Himalayan route from southwest China to northern India and finally reached the Amu Darya.The rice remains from Khalchayan are the first directly dated and well-reported rice remains found in Central Asia.By the Islamic period,rice was an important culinary aspect of the culture in Central Asia,but the cultural affinity towards rice only developed over the past two millennia.This study provides new information on the spread of rice agriculture globally,especially in arid-semiarid inland regions.展开更多
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Projects in Gansu Province(2023ZDGA005).
文摘This paper presents an optimization model for the location and capacity of electric vehicle(EV)charging stations.The model takes the multiple factors of the“vehicle-station-grid”system into account.Then,ArcScene is used to couple the road and power grid models and ensure that the coupling system is strictly under the goal of minimizing the total social cost,which includes the operator cost,user charging cost,and power grid loss.An immune particle swarm optimization algorithm(IPSOA)is proposed in this paper to obtain the optimal coupling strategy.The simulation results show that the algorithm has good convergence and performs well in solving multi-modal problems.It also balances the interests of users,operators,and the power grid.Compared with other schemes,the grid loss cost is reduced by 11.1%and 17.8%,and the total social cost decreases by 9.96%and 3.22%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41572161&41730319)the Strategic Priority Research Progarm of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB26000000)。
文摘The origins and prehistoric spread of rice agriculture between East and West Asia are hot topics in the current archaeological community.In this study,we present the results from a preliminary archaeobotanical study at the Khalchayan site in Uzbekistan,where we recovered the oldest securely dated rice thus far identified in Central Asia.We directly dated the rice grains to 1714–1756 cal yr BP(Kushan period),and morphologically compared them with other contemporaneous cultivated rice remains from China and India.The morphological results showed that the rice remains found at Khalchayan are more similar to cultivated japonica rice from southern China and northwestern India.Integrated archeological and chronological results from the surrounding area show that the rice remains found at Khalchayan likely spread along a southern Himalayan route from southwest China to northern India and finally reached the Amu Darya.The rice remains from Khalchayan are the first directly dated and well-reported rice remains found in Central Asia.By the Islamic period,rice was an important culinary aspect of the culture in Central Asia,but the cultural affinity towards rice only developed over the past two millennia.This study provides new information on the spread of rice agriculture globally,especially in arid-semiarid inland regions.
