According to the SRAM-based FPGA's single event effect problem in space application,single event upset induced multi-block error(SEU-MBE) phenomenon and its mitigation strategy are studied in the paper.After analy...According to the SRAM-based FPGA's single event effect problem in space application,single event upset induced multi-block error(SEU-MBE) phenomenon and its mitigation strategy are studied in the paper.After analyzing the place and route result,the paper points out that the essence of SEU-MBE is that some important modules exceed the safe internal distance.Two approaches,area constraint method(ACM) and incremental route algorithm(IRA),are proposed,which can reduce the error rate by manipulating programmable switch matrix and interconnection points within FPGA route resource.Fault injection experiments indicate that error detection rate is above 98.6% for both strategies,and FPGA resources increment and performance penalty are around 10%.展开更多
Recently, the single-shaft series-parallel powertrain of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus （PHEB） has become one of the most popu- lar powertrains due to its alterable operating modes, excellent fuel economy and strong ad...Recently, the single-shaft series-parallel powertrain of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus （PHEB） has become one of the most popu- lar powertrains due to its alterable operating modes, excellent fuel economy and strong adaptability for driving cycles. Never- theless, for configuring the PHEB with single-shaft series-parallel powertrain in the development stage, it still faces greater challenge than other configurations when choosing and matching the main component parameters. Motivated by this issue, a comprehensive multi-objectives optimization strategy based on Genetic Algorithm （GA） is developed for the PHEB with the typical powertrain. First, considering repeatability and regularity of bus route, the methods of off-line data processing and mathematical statistics are adopted, to obtain a representative driving cycle, which could well reflect the general characteristic of the real-world bus route. Then, the economical optimization objective is defined, which is consist of manufacturing costs of the key components and energy consumption, and combined with the dynamical optimization objective, a multi-objective op- timization function is put forward. Meanwhile, GA algorithm is used to optimize the parameters, for the optimal components combination of the novel series-parallel powertrain. Finally, a comparison with the prototype is carried out to verify the per- formance of the optimized powertrain along driving cycles. Simulation results indicate that the parameters of powertrain com- ponents obtained by the proposed comprehensive multi-objectives optimization strategy might get better fuel economy, meanwhile ensure the dynamic performance of PHEB. In contrast to the original, the costs declined by 18%. Hence, the strat- egy would provide a theoretical guidance on parameter selection for PHEB manufacturers.展开更多
目的探讨单孔腹腔镜技术在妇科良性病变手术中应用的可行性。方法将2010年4~10月10例单孔腹腔镜妇科手术与同期20例常规腹腔镜妇科手术进行比较。单孔腹腔镜手术在脐轮正中做一纵切口,穿刺插入有3个操作孔道的穿刺套管（Triport）,建立...目的探讨单孔腹腔镜技术在妇科良性病变手术中应用的可行性。方法将2010年4~10月10例单孔腹腔镜妇科手术与同期20例常规腹腔镜妇科手术进行比较。单孔腹腔镜手术在脐轮正中做一纵切口,穿刺插入有3个操作孔道的穿刺套管（Triport）,建立气腹,压力为12~13 mm Hg。Triport的3个孔道插入腹腔镜探头及操作器械进行手术,手术操作同常规腹腔镜。结果 2组手术均获成功,单孔腹腔镜组手术时间（53.5±10.6）min显著长于常规腹腔镜组（38.2±8.1）min（t=4.399,P=0.000）;单孔腹腔镜组术中出血量（31.5±16.7）ml与常规腹腔镜组（36.0±16.8）ml无显著差异（t=-0.693,P=0.494）;单孔腹腔镜组排气时间（34.1±5.9）h与常规腹腔镜组（34.3±6.4）h无显著差异（t=-0.693,P=0.494）;单孔腹腔镜组住院时间（3.1±0.6）d与常规腹腔镜组（3.2±0.9）d无显著差异（t=0.317,P=0.754）;单孔腹腔镜组术后病率（2/10,20%）与常规腹腔镜组（3/20,15%）无显著差异（Z=-0.173,P=0.862）。2组患者均无术中术后并发症发生。30例随访1~6个月,均无切口疝、出血、术后伤口感染等并发症。结论单孔腹腔镜技术尚处于起步阶段,手术有一定难度,手术时间延长,仍然是可以接受的。单孔腹腔镜技术对患者体表创伤更小,安全可行,美容效果佳。展开更多
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China ("863" Program) (Grant No. 2006SQ710375)the Civil Aerospace Technologies Advanced Research Pro-gram of China (Grant No. C1320061301)Ministries and Commissions’Advanced Research Found of China (Grant No. 9140A20070209KG0160)
文摘According to the SRAM-based FPGA's single event effect problem in space application,single event upset induced multi-block error(SEU-MBE) phenomenon and its mitigation strategy are studied in the paper.After analyzing the place and route result,the paper points out that the essence of SEU-MBE is that some important modules exceed the safe internal distance.Two approaches,area constraint method(ACM) and incremental route algorithm(IRA),are proposed,which can reduce the error rate by manipulating programmable switch matrix and interconnection points within FPGA route resource.Fault injection experiments indicate that error detection rate is above 98.6% for both strategies,and FPGA resources increment and performance penalty are around 10%.
基金supported by the National Key Science and Technology Projects(Grant No.2014ZX04002041)
文摘Recently, the single-shaft series-parallel powertrain of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus （PHEB） has become one of the most popu- lar powertrains due to its alterable operating modes, excellent fuel economy and strong adaptability for driving cycles. Never- theless, for configuring the PHEB with single-shaft series-parallel powertrain in the development stage, it still faces greater challenge than other configurations when choosing and matching the main component parameters. Motivated by this issue, a comprehensive multi-objectives optimization strategy based on Genetic Algorithm （GA） is developed for the PHEB with the typical powertrain. First, considering repeatability and regularity of bus route, the methods of off-line data processing and mathematical statistics are adopted, to obtain a representative driving cycle, which could well reflect the general characteristic of the real-world bus route. Then, the economical optimization objective is defined, which is consist of manufacturing costs of the key components and energy consumption, and combined with the dynamical optimization objective, a multi-objective op- timization function is put forward. Meanwhile, GA algorithm is used to optimize the parameters, for the optimal components combination of the novel series-parallel powertrain. Finally, a comparison with the prototype is carried out to verify the per- formance of the optimized powertrain along driving cycles. Simulation results indicate that the parameters of powertrain com- ponents obtained by the proposed comprehensive multi-objectives optimization strategy might get better fuel economy, meanwhile ensure the dynamic performance of PHEB. In contrast to the original, the costs declined by 18%. Hence, the strat- egy would provide a theoretical guidance on parameter selection for PHEB manufacturers.
文摘目的探讨单孔腹腔镜技术在妇科良性病变手术中应用的可行性。方法将2010年4~10月10例单孔腹腔镜妇科手术与同期20例常规腹腔镜妇科手术进行比较。单孔腹腔镜手术在脐轮正中做一纵切口,穿刺插入有3个操作孔道的穿刺套管（Triport）,建立气腹,压力为12~13 mm Hg。Triport的3个孔道插入腹腔镜探头及操作器械进行手术,手术操作同常规腹腔镜。结果 2组手术均获成功,单孔腹腔镜组手术时间（53.5±10.6）min显著长于常规腹腔镜组（38.2±8.1）min（t=4.399,P=0.000）;单孔腹腔镜组术中出血量（31.5±16.7）ml与常规腹腔镜组（36.0±16.8）ml无显著差异（t=-0.693,P=0.494）;单孔腹腔镜组排气时间（34.1±5.9）h与常规腹腔镜组（34.3±6.4）h无显著差异（t=-0.693,P=0.494）;单孔腹腔镜组住院时间（3.1±0.6）d与常规腹腔镜组（3.2±0.9）d无显著差异（t=0.317,P=0.754）;单孔腹腔镜组术后病率（2/10,20%）与常规腹腔镜组（3/20,15%）无显著差异（Z=-0.173,P=0.862）。2组患者均无术中术后并发症发生。30例随访1~6个月,均无切口疝、出血、术后伤口感染等并发症。结论单孔腹腔镜技术尚处于起步阶段,手术有一定难度,手术时间延长,仍然是可以接受的。单孔腹腔镜技术对患者体表创伤更小,安全可行,美容效果佳。
