Background HIV transmission between discordant couples has become an important source of new infections in China.To describe the seroconversion rate among serodiscordant couples and to identify salient behavioral and ...Background HIV transmission between discordant couples has become an important source of new infections in China.To describe the seroconversion rate among serodiscordant couples and to identify salient behavioral and clinical risk factors including ART that affect heterosexual HIV transmission risk among couples in rural China.Methods Longitudinal follow-up of an open cohort of HIV serodiscordant couples took place between 2007 and 2011 in Zhumadian,a city in southern Henan province in China,where blood plasma selling in 1990s led to a regional HIV epidemic.Annual follow-up included separate face-to-face interviews of husbands and wives,and HIV antibody testing for non-index partners.Cox proportional-hazard modeling was used to assess the relationship between HIV seroconversion and covariates of interest.Results By the end of 2011,4499 HIV serodiscordant couples had been enrolled in at least two follow-up interviews; 100 non-index partners seroconverted during the entire observation period for an incidence rate of 0.82 per 100 person-years （95% CI：0.66-0.99）.The incidence rates by the end of 2008,2009,and 2010 were 2.14,1.51,and 0.90 per 100 personyears respectively.Always using condoms in the past year of sex,gender of the index partner,frequency of sex,and ART exposure were all significant predictors of HIV seroconversion in the negative spouse.ART was highly protective against seroconversion whether the index partner was actively receiving treatment at the last follow-up （RR=0.05,95% CI,0.01-0.16） or if the index partner had ever received ART （RR=0.01,95% CI,0.00,0.12）.The risk of seroconversion in the nonindex spouse also decreased the longer the duration of the index partner＇s exposure to ART.Conclusions ART exposure and always using condom were highly protective against HIV semconversion in the negative spouse.HIV incidence in serodiscordant couples has been decreasing over time,associated with ART treatment time within 7 years in the index partner.Gender of the index spouse and frequency of展开更多
目的研究乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(Hepatitis B vaccine,HepB)不同接种方案对乙肝相关性肝病肝移植受者疫苗接种成功率及外周血Th2细胞变化的影响,探索提高接种成功率的新方法和相关免疫机制。方法选择124名肝移植受者,随机分为4组:传统组在...目的研究乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(Hepatitis B vaccine,HepB)不同接种方案对乙肝相关性肝病肝移植受者疫苗接种成功率及外周血Th2细胞变化的影响,探索提高接种成功率的新方法和相关免疫机制。方法选择124名肝移植受者,随机分为4组:传统组在第0、1、6个月各接种1剂20μg HepB;传统加强组在第0、1、6个月各接种1剂60μg HepB;快速组在第0、1、2、3个月各接种1剂40μg HepB,第4、5、6个月各接种1剂20μg HepB;胸腺肽组在快速组基础上从第0天接种开始,每10天皮下注射1.6mg胸腺肽1次,连续6个月。比较分析HepB接种成功率、接种前后乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)浓度变化及Th2细胞占CD4+T细胞比例的变化,并观察各组病例排斥反应。结果4组病例HepB接种成功率分别为3.23%(1/31)、6.45%(2/31)、23.33%(7/30)和30.00%(9/30)(x^2=9.35,P<0.05)。传统组抗-HBs浓度在实验前后无显著变化,其余3组抗-HBs浓度和全部4组的Th2细胞比例实验后均较实验前显著升高。接种成功者的Th2细胞比例增幅显著高于非成功者。抗-HBs浓度增幅与Th2比例增幅呈正相关(r=0.55,P=0.000)。研究期间无移植排斥反应发生。结论对乙肝相关性肝病肝移植受者,合理增加疫苗接种剂量、调整接种时间间隔或在接种过程中加用胸腺肽均可不同程度提高HepB免疫成功率,其可能的机制是这些措施促进了机体Th2细胞表达从而助推了抗-HBs的生成。展开更多
手足口病(Hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)是一种急性传染病,高发人群是婴幼儿。2015年12月国家食品药品监督管理总局批准两家国产肠道病毒71型(EV71)灭活疫苗上市,该疫苗很可能使中国大陆成为第一个用疫苗预防儿童HFMD的地区。本研...手足口病(Hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)是一种急性传染病,高发人群是婴幼儿。2015年12月国家食品药品监督管理总局批准两家国产肠道病毒71型(EV71)灭活疫苗上市,该疫苗很可能使中国大陆成为第一个用疫苗预防儿童HFMD的地区。本研究分析评价了临床研究中6-35月龄儿童接种EV71疫苗后的免疫原性,以及疫苗上市后需要关注的问题。展开更多
目的了解感染乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒（Hepatitis B Virus，HBV）母亲的新生儿，接种10微克乙肝疫苗（Hepatitis B Vaccine, HepB）加乙肝免疫球蛋白（Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin，HBIG）后，其抗乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体（Antibody to HBV ...目的了解感染乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒（Hepatitis B Virus，HBV）母亲的新生儿，接种10微克乙肝疫苗（Hepatitis B Vaccine, HepB）加乙肝免疫球蛋白（Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin，HBIG）后，其抗乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体（Antibody to HBV Surface Antigen，Anti—HBs）的阳转率。方法系统检索中国知识基础设施工程、万方、维普和医学文献检索系统（Pubmed）中公开发表的期刊，利用广义倒方差模型对各文献的Anti—HBs阳转率合并。结果共检索文献392篇，最终保留8篇。合并后Anti—HBs阳转率为90．42％（95％可信区间：85．44％～95．69％），，为93．58％（P〈0．0001）。结论HBIG和HepB联合应用Meta分析的Anti．HBs阳转率可信度较高。展开更多
文摘Background HIV transmission between discordant couples has become an important source of new infections in China.To describe the seroconversion rate among serodiscordant couples and to identify salient behavioral and clinical risk factors including ART that affect heterosexual HIV transmission risk among couples in rural China.Methods Longitudinal follow-up of an open cohort of HIV serodiscordant couples took place between 2007 and 2011 in Zhumadian,a city in southern Henan province in China,where blood plasma selling in 1990s led to a regional HIV epidemic.Annual follow-up included separate face-to-face interviews of husbands and wives,and HIV antibody testing for non-index partners.Cox proportional-hazard modeling was used to assess the relationship between HIV seroconversion and covariates of interest.Results By the end of 2011,4499 HIV serodiscordant couples had been enrolled in at least two follow-up interviews; 100 non-index partners seroconverted during the entire observation period for an incidence rate of 0.82 per 100 person-years （95% CI：0.66-0.99）.The incidence rates by the end of 2008,2009,and 2010 were 2.14,1.51,and 0.90 per 100 personyears respectively.Always using condoms in the past year of sex,gender of the index partner,frequency of sex,and ART exposure were all significant predictors of HIV seroconversion in the negative spouse.ART was highly protective against seroconversion whether the index partner was actively receiving treatment at the last follow-up （RR=0.05,95% CI,0.01-0.16） or if the index partner had ever received ART （RR=0.01,95% CI,0.00,0.12）.The risk of seroconversion in the nonindex spouse also decreased the longer the duration of the index partner＇s exposure to ART.Conclusions ART exposure and always using condom were highly protective against HIV semconversion in the negative spouse.HIV incidence in serodiscordant couples has been decreasing over time,associated with ART treatment time within 7 years in the index partner.Gender of the index spouse and frequency of
文摘手足口病(Hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)是一种急性传染病,高发人群是婴幼儿。2015年12月国家食品药品监督管理总局批准两家国产肠道病毒71型(EV71)灭活疫苗上市,该疫苗很可能使中国大陆成为第一个用疫苗预防儿童HFMD的地区。本研究分析评价了临床研究中6-35月龄儿童接种EV71疫苗后的免疫原性,以及疫苗上市后需要关注的问题。
文摘目的了解感染乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒（Hepatitis B Virus，HBV）母亲的新生儿，接种10微克乙肝疫苗（Hepatitis B Vaccine, HepB）加乙肝免疫球蛋白（Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin，HBIG）后，其抗乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体（Antibody to HBV Surface Antigen，Anti—HBs）的阳转率。方法系统检索中国知识基础设施工程、万方、维普和医学文献检索系统（Pubmed）中公开发表的期刊，利用广义倒方差模型对各文献的Anti—HBs阳转率合并。结果共检索文献392篇，最终保留8篇。合并后Anti—HBs阳转率为90．42％（95％可信区间：85．44％～95．69％），，为93．58％（P〈0．0001）。结论HBIG和HepB联合应用Meta分析的Anti．HBs阳转率可信度较高。
