Walking to/from school(WTS)is an important form of habitual and healthful physical activity(PA).This cross-sectional study examined the multilevel correlates of WTS among elementary school children in Austin,Texas,and...Walking to/from school(WTS)is an important form of habitual and healthful physical activity(PA).This cross-sectional study examined the multilevel correlates of WTS among elementary school children in Austin,Texas,and whether WTS and neighborhood environmental factors were associated with increased independent mobility and PA.A parent survey was conducted,and geographic information systems were used to calculate the shortest home-to-school distance.Binary logistic regressions were used to predict the outcomes.Distance,physical barriers(e.g.,highway/freeway/busy roads),neighborhood environmental quality,and traffic concerns were significant predictors for WTS.Having a school within the neighborhood and unsupervised play increased the likelihood of independent travel to non-school destinations.Sidewalk availability and condition,having a friend’s/relative’s house in the neighborhood that the child visits frequently,and independent travel to non-school destinations predicted an increased likelihood of unsupervised outdoor play.Stranger danger reduced the likelihood of both independent travel and unsupervised play.Easy access to services and unsupervised play increased the likelihood of meeting PA guidelines.This study identified modifiable environmental predictors of WTS,independent mobility,and meeting PA guidelines.Future PA promotion should consider strategies that can encourage not only WTS but also independent travel to non-school destinations and unsupervised outdoor play.展开更多
Adolescent alienation is a symptom of problems in relations among the individual,school,community,and family.Based on a research conducted with a sample of 897 Tibetan adolescent students in Grades 7 to 12,this study ...Adolescent alienation is a symptom of problems in relations among the individual,school,community,and family.Based on a research conducted with a sample of 897 Tibetan adolescent students in Grades 7 to 12,this study reveals that over one third of subjects experience high levels of alienation.Questionnaire data and field work show possible sources of this alienation in contemporary rural Tibetan society in China,factors that may reduce alienation,and explanations for low levels of alienation among some students.The paper concludes with an argument for researchers and policy makers to pay greater attention to the issue of alienation among minority boarding school students.展开更多
文摘Walking to/from school(WTS)is an important form of habitual and healthful physical activity(PA).This cross-sectional study examined the multilevel correlates of WTS among elementary school children in Austin,Texas,and whether WTS and neighborhood environmental factors were associated with increased independent mobility and PA.A parent survey was conducted,and geographic information systems were used to calculate the shortest home-to-school distance.Binary logistic regressions were used to predict the outcomes.Distance,physical barriers(e.g.,highway/freeway/busy roads),neighborhood environmental quality,and traffic concerns were significant predictors for WTS.Having a school within the neighborhood and unsupervised play increased the likelihood of independent travel to non-school destinations.Sidewalk availability and condition,having a friend’s/relative’s house in the neighborhood that the child visits frequently,and independent travel to non-school destinations predicted an increased likelihood of unsupervised outdoor play.Stranger danger reduced the likelihood of both independent travel and unsupervised play.Easy access to services and unsupervised play increased the likelihood of meeting PA guidelines.This study identified modifiable environmental predictors of WTS,independent mobility,and meeting PA guidelines.Future PA promotion should consider strategies that can encourage not only WTS but also independent travel to non-school destinations and unsupervised outdoor play.
基金I am greatly indebted to Professor Chen Bateer at Higher Education Research Institute in Nankai University.I also give thanks to schoolmaster Sonam Dorje for supporting my research at Guide Minority Boarding School.
文摘Adolescent alienation is a symptom of problems in relations among the individual,school,community,and family.Based on a research conducted with a sample of 897 Tibetan adolescent students in Grades 7 to 12,this study reveals that over one third of subjects experience high levels of alienation.Questionnaire data and field work show possible sources of this alienation in contemporary rural Tibetan society in China,factors that may reduce alienation,and explanations for low levels of alienation among some students.The paper concludes with an argument for researchers and policy makers to pay greater attention to the issue of alienation among minority boarding school students.
