Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and pattern of injuries resulting from auto-tricycle crashes among patients in a tertiary referral centre in Ghana. Methods: Data were retrospectively extr...Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and pattern of injuries resulting from auto-tricycle crashes among patients in a tertiary referral centre in Ghana. Methods: Data were retrospectively extracted from hospital records of patients who got involved in auto-tricycle crashes and presented to the Accident and Emergency Centre of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), over a one-year period using a structured questionnaire. The gathered data were then entered into an electronic database and then analysed with SPSS version 20.0. Results: The incidence of injury following auto-tricycle crashes over the one-year period was 5.9% (95% CI: 4.9% - 7.0%) with a case fatality rate (FR) of 3.8% (95% CI: 1.3% - 8.7%). All the mortalities resulted from head and neck injuries and none of the patients involved wore a crash helmet. Only 5% of those studied wore crash helmets and were all drivers. Closed fractures accounted for 58% of the injuries, followed by open fractures, 28%. The most commonly fractured bones were the tibia/fibula, followed by the femur and then radius/ulna. The most common mechanism of injury was auto-tricycle toppling over (29%). Passengers were the most injured (48%), followed by drivers (37%) and pedestrians (15%). Most (72%) injuries among participants involved a single body part. On the injury severity scale, most (61%) of patients had minor trauma and 38% had major trauma. Conclusion: Auto-tricycle crashes account for 5.9% of injuries at the study site with a case fatality rate of 3.8%. Passengers had a higher injury rate (48%) than drivers (37%). Fractures of the tibia/fibula were most commonly associated with auto-tricycle crashes. Injuries to the head and neck were responsible for the deaths in the study participants and non-use of a crash helmet was associated with mortalities.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Accidents represent a significant proportional of non-communicable disease in the current century, and chest injury is common. However, management and outcome of these injuri...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Accidents represent a significant proportional of non-communicable disease in the current century, and chest injury is common. However, management and outcome of these injuries is poor in low resource setting like Tanzania. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with mortality among chest injury patients at a tertiary level health facility in Tanzania. <strong>Method: </strong>A prospective Cross-Sectional study of chest injuries among trauma patients attended at Muhimbili National Hospital between September 2019 and February 2020. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 282 trauma patients were seen, out of which 51/282 (18.1%) sustained chest injury. Road Traffic Crashes were the leading cause of chest injury 41/51 (80.4%). Majority 17/51 (33.3%) presented with lung contusion, followed by pneumohemothorax and rib fractures each 8/51 (15.7%). Most of the patients 27/51 (52.9%) were managed by tube thoracostomy and 42.1% conservatively. Mortality was 11/51 (21.6%). Independent factors associated with mortality were: Associated injuries (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.07, 95% CI 0.01 - 1.16, p = 0.02), Multimodal analgesia (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.22, 95% CI 0.05 - 0.98, p = 0.05), more than 24 hours to treatment (Odds Ratio (OR) 5.53, 95% CI 1.25 - 24.3, p = 0.02), Bilateral chest involvement (Odds Ratio (OR) 4.61, 95% CI 1.12 - 18.7, p = 0.02), and Invasive ventilation (Odds Ratio (OR) 31.5, 95% CI 4.47 - 53.8, p = 0.00). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Chest injuries prevail significantly among trauma patients in Tanzania, mostly due to road traffic crashes. Injury preventive measures especially for road traffic crashes need to be reinforced, and establishment of chest injury management protocol in Tanzania.展开更多
The contemporary traffic safety research comprises little information on quantifying the simultaneous association between drink driving and speeding among fatally injured drivers. Potential correlation between driver...The contemporary traffic safety research comprises little information on quantifying the simultaneous association between drink driving and speeding among fatally injured drivers. Potential correlation between driver＇s drink driving and speeding behavior poses a substantial methodological concern which needs investigation. This study therefore focused on investigating the simultaneous impact of socioeconomic factors, fatalities, vehicle ownership, health services and highway agency road safety policies on enforce- ment levels of speed limit and drink driving laws. The effectiveness of enforcement levels of speed limit and drink driving laws has been investigated through development of bivariate ordered probit model using data extricated from WHO＇s global status report on road safety in 2013. The consistent and intuitive parameter estimates along with statisti- cally significant correlation between response outcomes validates the statistical suprem- acy of bivariate ordered probit model. The results revealed that fatalities per thousand registered vehicles, hospital beds per hundred thousand population and road safety pol- icies are associated with a likely medium or high effectiveness of enforcement levels of speed limit and drink driving laws, respectively. Also, the model encapsulates the effect of several other agency related variables and socio-economic status on the response outcomes. Marginal effects are reported for analyzing the impact of such factors on in- terrnediate categories of response outcomes. The results of this study are expected to provide necessary insights to elemental enforcement programs. Also, marginal effects of explanatory variables may provide useful directions for formulating effective policy countermeasures for overcoming driver＇s speeding and drink driving behavior.展开更多
Sfax is one of the Tunisian governorates with a large number of road accidents, injuries and fatalities every year. This study aimed to analyze and map traffic accidents in this governorate. We analyzed the spatial di...Sfax is one of the Tunisian governorates with a large number of road accidents, injuries and fatalities every year. This study aimed to analyze and map traffic accidents in this governorate. We analyzed the spatial distribution of accidents, their distribution by cause, by type of road, by size of traffic, by months of the year and days of the week. Accidents were correlated with several variables such as population numbers and densities, motorization rate, length and structure of the road network, and the amount of traffic. On the cartographic level, we have built a database, through which we have produced a series of thematic maps to argue this analysis. Through cartographic production, we also aimed to help road users, decision-makers and researchers in <span>this area and in the field of transport. This work showed that Sfax occupies, among the other Tunisian governorates, an advanced position in gravity. Various human, climatic and technical factors explained this situation, of which human factors were the most important, and contributed </span></span><span style="font-family:"">to</span><span style="font-family:""> almost</span><span style="font-family:""> 90% of accidents. The current situation of accidents in Sfax requires a series of measures and actions to alleviate and mitigate the gravity of this phenomenon.展开更多
文摘Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and pattern of injuries resulting from auto-tricycle crashes among patients in a tertiary referral centre in Ghana. Methods: Data were retrospectively extracted from hospital records of patients who got involved in auto-tricycle crashes and presented to the Accident and Emergency Centre of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), over a one-year period using a structured questionnaire. The gathered data were then entered into an electronic database and then analysed with SPSS version 20.0. Results: The incidence of injury following auto-tricycle crashes over the one-year period was 5.9% (95% CI: 4.9% - 7.0%) with a case fatality rate (FR) of 3.8% (95% CI: 1.3% - 8.7%). All the mortalities resulted from head and neck injuries and none of the patients involved wore a crash helmet. Only 5% of those studied wore crash helmets and were all drivers. Closed fractures accounted for 58% of the injuries, followed by open fractures, 28%. The most commonly fractured bones were the tibia/fibula, followed by the femur and then radius/ulna. The most common mechanism of injury was auto-tricycle toppling over (29%). Passengers were the most injured (48%), followed by drivers (37%) and pedestrians (15%). Most (72%) injuries among participants involved a single body part. On the injury severity scale, most (61%) of patients had minor trauma and 38% had major trauma. Conclusion: Auto-tricycle crashes account for 5.9% of injuries at the study site with a case fatality rate of 3.8%. Passengers had a higher injury rate (48%) than drivers (37%). Fractures of the tibia/fibula were most commonly associated with auto-tricycle crashes. Injuries to the head and neck were responsible for the deaths in the study participants and non-use of a crash helmet was associated with mortalities.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Accidents represent a significant proportional of non-communicable disease in the current century, and chest injury is common. However, management and outcome of these injuries is poor in low resource setting like Tanzania. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with mortality among chest injury patients at a tertiary level health facility in Tanzania. <strong>Method: </strong>A prospective Cross-Sectional study of chest injuries among trauma patients attended at Muhimbili National Hospital between September 2019 and February 2020. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 282 trauma patients were seen, out of which 51/282 (18.1%) sustained chest injury. Road Traffic Crashes were the leading cause of chest injury 41/51 (80.4%). Majority 17/51 (33.3%) presented with lung contusion, followed by pneumohemothorax and rib fractures each 8/51 (15.7%). Most of the patients 27/51 (52.9%) were managed by tube thoracostomy and 42.1% conservatively. Mortality was 11/51 (21.6%). Independent factors associated with mortality were: Associated injuries (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.07, 95% CI 0.01 - 1.16, p = 0.02), Multimodal analgesia (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.22, 95% CI 0.05 - 0.98, p = 0.05), more than 24 hours to treatment (Odds Ratio (OR) 5.53, 95% CI 1.25 - 24.3, p = 0.02), Bilateral chest involvement (Odds Ratio (OR) 4.61, 95% CI 1.12 - 18.7, p = 0.02), and Invasive ventilation (Odds Ratio (OR) 31.5, 95% CI 4.47 - 53.8, p = 0.00). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Chest injuries prevail significantly among trauma patients in Tanzania, mostly due to road traffic crashes. Injury preventive measures especially for road traffic crashes need to be reinforced, and establishment of chest injury management protocol in Tanzania.
文摘The contemporary traffic safety research comprises little information on quantifying the simultaneous association between drink driving and speeding among fatally injured drivers. Potential correlation between driver＇s drink driving and speeding behavior poses a substantial methodological concern which needs investigation. This study therefore focused on investigating the simultaneous impact of socioeconomic factors, fatalities, vehicle ownership, health services and highway agency road safety policies on enforce- ment levels of speed limit and drink driving laws. The effectiveness of enforcement levels of speed limit and drink driving laws has been investigated through development of bivariate ordered probit model using data extricated from WHO＇s global status report on road safety in 2013. The consistent and intuitive parameter estimates along with statisti- cally significant correlation between response outcomes validates the statistical suprem- acy of bivariate ordered probit model. The results revealed that fatalities per thousand registered vehicles, hospital beds per hundred thousand population and road safety pol- icies are associated with a likely medium or high effectiveness of enforcement levels of speed limit and drink driving laws, respectively. Also, the model encapsulates the effect of several other agency related variables and socio-economic status on the response outcomes. Marginal effects are reported for analyzing the impact of such factors on in- terrnediate categories of response outcomes. The results of this study are expected to provide necessary insights to elemental enforcement programs. Also, marginal effects of explanatory variables may provide useful directions for formulating effective policy countermeasures for overcoming driver＇s speeding and drink driving behavior.
文摘Sfax is one of the Tunisian governorates with a large number of road accidents, injuries and fatalities every year. This study aimed to analyze and map traffic accidents in this governorate. We analyzed the spatial distribution of accidents, their distribution by cause, by type of road, by size of traffic, by months of the year and days of the week. Accidents were correlated with several variables such as population numbers and densities, motorization rate, length and structure of the road network, and the amount of traffic. On the cartographic level, we have built a database, through which we have produced a series of thematic maps to argue this analysis. Through cartographic production, we also aimed to help road users, decision-makers and researchers in <span>this area and in the field of transport. This work showed that Sfax occupies, among the other Tunisian governorates, an advanced position in gravity. Various human, climatic and technical factors explained this situation, of which human factors were the most important, and contributed </span></span><span style="font-family:"">to</span><span style="font-family:""> almost</span><span style="font-family:""> 90% of accidents. The current situation of accidents in Sfax requires a series of measures and actions to alleviate and mitigate the gravity of this phenomenon.
