Diabetes affects approximately 30 million persons in the United States. Diabetes ketoacidosis is one of the most serious and acute complications of diabetes. At the time of presentation and during treatment of diabeti...Diabetes affects approximately 30 million persons in the United States. Diabetes ketoacidosis is one of the most serious and acute complications of diabetes. At the time of presentation and during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA), several metabolic and electrolyte derangements can ultimately result in respiratory compromise. Most commonly, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and hypophosphatemia can eventually lead to respiratory muscles failure.Furthermore, tachypnea, hyperpnea and more severely, Kussmaul breathing pattern can develop. Also, hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic pulmonary edema can occur secondary to volume shifts into the extracellular space and secondary to increased permeability of the pulmonary capillaries. The presence of respiratory failure in patients with DKA is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Being familiar with the causes of respiratory compromise in DKA, and how to treat them, may represent better outcomes for patients with DKA.展开更多
目的分析外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)≥300/μl和<300/μl的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者临床、炎症标记物、传统肺功能、脉冲振荡阻力测定(IOS)参数及容积CT参数特征,观察其特征差异。方法纳入357例AECOPD,其中EOS≥300/μl...目的分析外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)≥300/μl和<300/μl的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者临床、炎症标记物、传统肺功能、脉冲振荡阻力测定(IOS)参数及容积CT参数特征,观察其特征差异。方法纳入357例AECOPD,其中EOS≥300/μl组(研究组)41例,EOS<300/μl组(对照组)316例,比较2组慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)评估测试(CAT)评分、医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表(mMRC)评定等临床指标、炎症指标以及传统肺功能、IOS指标、肺容积、肺气肿指数及肺气肿密度等影像学参数的差异。结果①研究组中性粒细胞比率低于对照组(64.70%vs 73.00%,P<0.001),纤维蛋白原(3.59 vs 3.97,P=0.031)及C反应蛋白减低(3.30 mg/L vs 8.63 mg/L,P=0.012),吸烟量亦相对较低(25包/年vs 40包/年,P=0.009);②研究组RV/TLC低于对照组(51.91%vs 57.44%,P=0.041),而R5(0.56 vs 0.49,P=0.036)和R5%pred(178.65%vs 155.70%,P=0.027)较高;③研究组全肺、右肺和左肺肺气肿平均密度和PD 15均高于对照组(P均<0.05),提示肺实质破坏更严重。结论EOS≥300/μl的AECOPD患者气道阻力增加更明显,而肺气肿损害程度较EOS<300/μl者轻微。展开更多
文摘Diabetes affects approximately 30 million persons in the United States. Diabetes ketoacidosis is one of the most serious and acute complications of diabetes. At the time of presentation and during treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA), several metabolic and electrolyte derangements can ultimately result in respiratory compromise. Most commonly, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and hypophosphatemia can eventually lead to respiratory muscles failure.Furthermore, tachypnea, hyperpnea and more severely, Kussmaul breathing pattern can develop. Also, hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic pulmonary edema can occur secondary to volume shifts into the extracellular space and secondary to increased permeability of the pulmonary capillaries. The presence of respiratory failure in patients with DKA is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Being familiar with the causes of respiratory compromise in DKA, and how to treat them, may represent better outcomes for patients with DKA.
文摘目的分析外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)≥300/μl和<300/μl的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者临床、炎症标记物、传统肺功能、脉冲振荡阻力测定(IOS)参数及容积CT参数特征,观察其特征差异。方法纳入357例AECOPD,其中EOS≥300/μl组(研究组)41例,EOS<300/μl组(对照组)316例,比较2组慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)评估测试(CAT)评分、医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表(mMRC)评定等临床指标、炎症指标以及传统肺功能、IOS指标、肺容积、肺气肿指数及肺气肿密度等影像学参数的差异。结果①研究组中性粒细胞比率低于对照组(64.70%vs 73.00%,P<0.001),纤维蛋白原(3.59 vs 3.97,P=0.031)及C反应蛋白减低(3.30 mg/L vs 8.63 mg/L,P=0.012),吸烟量亦相对较低(25包/年vs 40包/年,P=0.009);②研究组RV/TLC低于对照组(51.91%vs 57.44%,P=0.041),而R5(0.56 vs 0.49,P=0.036)和R5%pred(178.65%vs 155.70%,P=0.027)较高;③研究组全肺、右肺和左肺肺气肿平均密度和PD 15均高于对照组(P均<0.05),提示肺实质破坏更严重。结论EOS≥300/μl的AECOPD患者气道阻力增加更明显,而肺气肿损害程度较EOS<300/μl者轻微。
