摘要
失重是航天中持续的重要因素,肺脏最易受重力的影响。航天中除失重外,上升和返回段的持续性胸-背向超重,出舱活动(EVA)和座舱压力应急时的纯氧呼吸,座舱温度和有害气体浓度增加等都会对呼吸系统带来有害的影响。多年来由于方法学的限制,呼吸系统的问题在航天中研究的很不够。West(1990)指出,至今航天中肺的问题没有得到足够的重视。
Weightlessness and other space factors may seriously affect functionsof the respiratory system,but attentions paid to it was insufficient up to now.Accordingto published data,there were decrease of vital capacity and some parameters of respirato-ry biomechanics in astronauts after prolonged space flight.They shifted toward normaliza-tion after about a week of readaptation.Although all these changes were recoverable,it isnecessary to make further studies to elucidate their mechanisms.This paper reviewed thechanges in respiratory system during weightlessness and simulated conditions,put forwardthe following suggestions for further studies:(1)In order to simulate the true effect ofweightlessness,the experimental model should be standardized.(2)To study mechanismsof changes in respiratory system during space flight would be helpful in understanding thephysiological effects of weightlessness more comprehensively;(3)It is necessary to estab-lish more sensitive methods of pulmonary function test for astronaut selection;(4)Inview of muscular atrophy during space flight,besides physical training,the problem ofrespiratory muscular training should be considered.
出处
《航天医学与医学工程》
CAS
CSCD
1993年第1期73-77,共5页
Space Medicine & Medical Engineering
关键词
航天
呼吸生理学
失重
space flight
weightlessness
respiratory system
pulmonary function
respiratory physiology.
