To set up compensation system for ecological benefits of forest is important safeguard that can coordinate the benefit relationship between forest manager and person who benefit from environmental services function of...To set up compensation system for ecological benefits of forest is important safeguard that can coordinate the benefit relationship between forest manager and person who benefit from environmental services function of forest,ensure funds for forest protection and management be firmly invested.By analyzing the problems confronted with study and practice in compensation system for ecological benefits of forest,author put forward that environmental reproduction is one of theoretical base of compensation system for ecological benefits of forest.The paper make systematic discussion about why compensation system for ecological benefits of forest should be made,how much funds should be compensated,who should supply with compensation funds and how to compensate.Meanwhile,the contents about how to use compensation funds,who should use funds and how to monitor the use of funds are also discussed.Finally,the overall train of though for directing study and practices be put forward.展开更多
China is one of the countries in the world carrying a heavy burden of tuberculosis.Due to the unbalanced economic development,the number of people working in other parts of country is huge,and the mobility of personne...China is one of the countries in the world carrying a heavy burden of tuberculosis.Due to the unbalanced economic development,the number of people working in other parts of country is huge,and the mobility of personnel has exacerbated the increase in tuberculosis cases.Most patients affected by this are in their middle and young ages.It is having a great impact among the family and society.Therefore,research on how to control this disease is absolutely necessary.The population is divided into two categories such as local population and the immigrant population.A pulmonary tuberculosis dynamic model with population heterogeneity is established.We calculate the basic reproductive number and the controlled reproductive number,and discuss the two types of population under the constraints given by the amount of vaccine and the optimal immunization ratio obtained is(0.118,0.107),which can reduce the effective reproduction number from 5.85 to 0.227.It is understood that immunizing the local population will control the spread of the epidemic to a large extent,and we simulate the final scale of infection after immunization under the optimal immunization ratio.It can take a minimum of at least 10 years to reduce the spread of this disease,but to eliminate it forever,it needs at least a minimum of 100 years.展开更多
In this paper,based on the statistical data,we investigate the effects of long-term exposure to ambient particulate air pollution on the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis(TB)in Jiangsu,China by studying the thresh...In this paper,based on the statistical data,we investigate the effects of long-term exposure to ambient particulate air pollution on the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis(TB)in Jiangsu,China by studying the threshold dynamics of the TB epidemic model via the statistical data analytically and numerically.The basic reproduction number R_(0)>1 reveals that TB in Jiangsu,China is an endemic disease and will persist for a long time.And the numerical results show that,in order to control the TB in Jiangsu effectively,we must decrease the depuration coefficient of PM10 in the body,the proportion of TB symptomatic infectious by direct transmission,the reactivation rate of the pre-symptomatic infectious and the effect coefficient of PM10 and MTB inhaled of TB transmission,and increase the uptake coefficient,the recovery rate of the symptomatic/pre-symptomatic infectious and the influence coefficient of PM10 on the body of mortality.Our study shows that PM10 is closely related to the incidence of TB,and the effective control efforts are suggested to focus on increasing close-contact distance and wearing protective mask to decrease the influence of PM10 on the TB transmission,which may shed a new light on understanding the environmental drivers to TB.展开更多
文摘To set up compensation system for ecological benefits of forest is important safeguard that can coordinate the benefit relationship between forest manager and person who benefit from environmental services function of forest,ensure funds for forest protection and management be firmly invested.By analyzing the problems confronted with study and practice in compensation system for ecological benefits of forest,author put forward that environmental reproduction is one of theoretical base of compensation system for ecological benefits of forest.The paper make systematic discussion about why compensation system for ecological benefits of forest should be made,how much funds should be compensated,who should supply with compensation funds and how to compensate.Meanwhile,the contents about how to use compensation funds,who should use funds and how to monitor the use of funds are also discussed.Finally,the overall train of though for directing study and practices be put forward.
基金This study was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 11871093 and 11901027)Postgraduate Teaching Research and Quality Improvement Project of BUCEA(J2021010)BUCEA Post Graduate Innovation Project(PG2022139)。
文摘China is one of the countries in the world carrying a heavy burden of tuberculosis.Due to the unbalanced economic development,the number of people working in other parts of country is huge,and the mobility of personnel has exacerbated the increase in tuberculosis cases.Most patients affected by this are in their middle and young ages.It is having a great impact among the family and society.Therefore,research on how to control this disease is absolutely necessary.The population is divided into two categories such as local population and the immigrant population.A pulmonary tuberculosis dynamic model with population heterogeneity is established.We calculate the basic reproductive number and the controlled reproductive number,and discuss the two types of population under the constraints given by the amount of vaccine and the optimal immunization ratio obtained is(0.118,0.107),which can reduce the effective reproduction number from 5.85 to 0.227.It is understood that immunizing the local population will control the spread of the epidemic to a large extent,and we simulate the final scale of infection after immunization under the optimal immunization ratio.It can take a minimum of at least 10 years to reduce the spread of this disease,but to eliminate it forever,it needs at least a minimum of 100 years.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant numbers 12071173 and 12171192)Huaian Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention,China(HAP201704).
文摘In this paper,based on the statistical data,we investigate the effects of long-term exposure to ambient particulate air pollution on the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis(TB)in Jiangsu,China by studying the threshold dynamics of the TB epidemic model via the statistical data analytically and numerically.The basic reproduction number R_(0)>1 reveals that TB in Jiangsu,China is an endemic disease and will persist for a long time.And the numerical results show that,in order to control the TB in Jiangsu effectively,we must decrease the depuration coefficient of PM10 in the body,the proportion of TB symptomatic infectious by direct transmission,the reactivation rate of the pre-symptomatic infectious and the effect coefficient of PM10 and MTB inhaled of TB transmission,and increase the uptake coefficient,the recovery rate of the symptomatic/pre-symptomatic infectious and the influence coefficient of PM10 on the body of mortality.Our study shows that PM10 is closely related to the incidence of TB,and the effective control efforts are suggested to focus on increasing close-contact distance and wearing protective mask to decrease the influence of PM10 on the TB transmission,which may shed a new light on understanding the environmental drivers to TB.
