Polymers of intrinsic microporosity （PIMs） are a class of porous organic polymer （POP） that form microporous solids due to the inefficient packing of their rigid and contorted macromolecular chains. In contrast to...Polymers of intrinsic microporosity （PIMs） are a class of porous organic polymer （POP） that form microporous solids due to the inefficient packing of their rigid and contorted macromolecular chains. In contrast to other types of POP, PIMs are not comprised of a network of cross-linked covalent bonds so that they can be dissolved in organic solvents and processed into robust films, coatings or fibres. Here, over twelve years＇ accumulated research on the synthesis of PIMs is reviewed. To date, three types of polymerisation reaction have been used successfully to prepare PIMs of sufficient molecular mass to form robust self-standing films. These involve the formation of dibenzodioxin, Tr6ger＇s base and imide linkages between monomeric units. This rapid development of synthetic methods for preparing PIMs has been driven by their rich potential for numerous diverse applications and this synergistic relationship between synthesis and functionality is set to continue.展开更多
文摘Polymers of intrinsic microporosity （PIMs） are a class of porous organic polymer （POP） that form microporous solids due to the inefficient packing of their rigid and contorted macromolecular chains. In contrast to other types of POP, PIMs are not comprised of a network of cross-linked covalent bonds so that they can be dissolved in organic solvents and processed into robust films, coatings or fibres. Here, over twelve years＇ accumulated research on the synthesis of PIMs is reviewed. To date, three types of polymerisation reaction have been used successfully to prepare PIMs of sufficient molecular mass to form robust self-standing films. These involve the formation of dibenzodioxin, Tr6ger＇s base and imide linkages between monomeric units. This rapid development of synthetic methods for preparing PIMs has been driven by their rich potential for numerous diverse applications and this synergistic relationship between synthesis and functionality is set to continue.
文摘清洁能源的储存和转化是人类应对能源危机的重要手段,其中电化学能源转化(如燃料电池)及储存(如液流电池(redox flow batteries,RFBs)、锂基动力电池等)技术受到广泛关注.然而,其商业化应用面临稳定性差、功率低及成本高等挑战.自具微孔聚合物(polymers of intrinsic microporosity,PIMs)中高度扭曲的刚性链结构赋予其超高比表面积(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area,SABET)及埃米级微孔,可被应用于离子交换膜(ion-exchange membranes,IEMs)、电活性物质及界面功能层等关键部件,以提高电化学能源装置的性能,是一种极具应用前景的多孔材料.本文根据反应原理分类现有的PIMs材料,总结了经典PIMs的合成、官能团化及其微孔结构、性质的调控策略,对PIMs分子结构、孔结构及膜结构的表征方法,以及先进的原位表征和理论模拟手段,以推动对PIMs微孔中传质机理的认识,重点综述了PIMs在电化学能源转化和储存技术中的应用进展,并提出了未来的发展方向,以指导PIMs在能源领域的广泛应用.
