During grain filling,starch and other nutrients accumulate in the endosperm;this directly determines grain yield and grain quality in crops such as rice(Oryza sativa),maize(Zea mays),and wheat(Triticum aestivum).Grain...During grain filling,starch and other nutrients accumulate in the endosperm;this directly determines grain yield and grain quality in crops such as rice(Oryza sativa),maize(Zea mays),and wheat(Triticum aestivum).Grain filling is a complex trait affected by both intrinsic and environmental factors,making it difficult to explore the underlying genetics,molecular regulation,and the application of these genes for breeding.With the development of powerful genetic and molecular techniques,much has been learned about the genes and molecular networks related to grain filling over the past decades.In this review,we highlight the key factors affecting grain filling,including both biological and abiotic factors.We then summarize the key genes controlling grain filling and their roles in this event,including regulators of sugar translocation and starch biosynthesis,phytohormone-related regulators,and other factors.Finally,we discuss how the current knowledge of valuable grain filling genes could be integrated with strategies for breeding cereal varieties with improved grain yield and quality.展开更多
As a cool season crop, wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) has an optimal daytime growing temperature of 15 ℃ during the reproductive stage. With global climate change, heat stress is becoming an increasingly severe constrai...As a cool season crop, wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) has an optimal daytime growing temperature of 15 ℃ during the reproductive stage. With global climate change, heat stress is becoming an increasingly severe constraint on wheat production. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance in wheat. We firstly describe the impact of heat tolerance on morphology and physiology and its potential effect on agronomic traits. We then review recent discoveries in determining the genetic and molecular factors affecting heat tolerance, including the effects of phytohormone signaling and epigenetic regulation. Finally, we discuss integrative strategies to improve heat tolerance by utilization of existing germplasm including modern cultivars, landraces and related species.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100206,31871217,and 32072037)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX2021314)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M693173)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(20KJA210002)Yangzhou University Interdisciplinary Research Foundation for Crop Science Discipline of Targeted Support(yzuxk202006)。
文摘During grain filling,starch and other nutrients accumulate in the endosperm;this directly determines grain yield and grain quality in crops such as rice(Oryza sativa),maize(Zea mays),and wheat(Triticum aestivum).Grain filling is a complex trait affected by both intrinsic and environmental factors,making it difficult to explore the underlying genetics,molecular regulation,and the application of these genes for breeding.With the development of powerful genetic and molecular techniques,much has been learned about the genes and molecular networks related to grain filling over the past decades.In this review,we highlight the key factors affecting grain filling,including both biological and abiotic factors.We then summarize the key genes controlling grain filling and their roles in this event,including regulators of sugar translocation and starch biosynthesis,phytohormone-related regulators,and other factors.Finally,we discuss how the current knowledge of valuable grain filling genes could be integrated with strategies for breeding cereal varieties with improved grain yield and quality.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101802, 2016YFD0100600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31561143013)
文摘As a cool season crop, wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) has an optimal daytime growing temperature of 15 ℃ during the reproductive stage. With global climate change, heat stress is becoming an increasingly severe constraint on wheat production. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance in wheat. We firstly describe the impact of heat tolerance on morphology and physiology and its potential effect on agronomic traits. We then review recent discoveries in determining the genetic and molecular factors affecting heat tolerance, including the effects of phytohormone signaling and epigenetic regulation. Finally, we discuss integrative strategies to improve heat tolerance by utilization of existing germplasm including modern cultivars, landraces and related species.
