【目的】为选育梨(Pyrus communis L.)突破性品种提供新种质。【方法】以二倍体梨品种‘丰产’及其衍生的系列多倍体无性系为研究试材,对其在试管内及移出试管外在田间生长的自根苗植株的表型变异进行了观测。【结果】多倍体植株比二倍...【目的】为选育梨(Pyrus communis L.)突破性品种提供新种质。【方法】以二倍体梨品种‘丰产’及其衍生的系列多倍体无性系为研究试材,对其在试管内及移出试管外在田间生长的自根苗植株的表型变异进行了观测。【结果】多倍体植株比二倍体茎粗、节间短;四倍体的叶色比二倍体深,厚度比二倍体大;多倍体和二倍体的叶形指数差异显著,叶缘差异明显。不同倍性无性系的叶缘变异表现多样性,有全缘变异,也有锐锯齿变异。试管繁殖条件下,混倍体叶片形状不一,有大量畸形叶片产生,而二倍体、三倍体和四倍体很少观察到畸形叶片产生。移栽入田间生长后,相对于二倍体,多倍体植株的株高显著变矮、节间长显著变短、地面以上30 cm处的树干直径显著变小。混倍体对自然环境条件适应性差,没有获得在试管外正常生长的植株。【结论】相同环境条件下,梨体细胞染色体加倍衍生的多倍体植株,比二倍体对照生长慢,且株高明显矮于二倍体。展开更多
The objective of this work was to evaluate if cryostorage of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds induced variations in regenerated plants at the phenotypic and molecular levels. A series of agricultural traits was measured on...The objective of this work was to evaluate if cryostorage of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds induced variations in regenerated plants at the phenotypic and molecular levels. A series of agricultural traits was measured on plants grown from control, non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved seeds, and the genetic stability of plants of the second generation was analysed at selected microsatellite loci. The phenotype of the second generation plants was evaluated as well. No statistically significant phenotypic differences were observed for the parameters measured, neither in the first nor in the second generations. Averaging both treatments, about 76% of the seeds had germinated 10 days after sowing. At harvest we recorded plants with about 73 cm in height, 13 stem internodes, 25 fruits, 103 grains and 4 grains per fruit. One hundred seeds weighted about 26 g. The genetic analyses performed on the second generation plants using six nuclear Simple Sequences Repeats (SSR) markers revealed no changes in microsatellite length between control and cryopreserved samples, implying that there was no effect of seed liquid nitrogen exposure on genome integrity. The phenotypic and molecular results reported here confirm that cryostorage is an efficient and reliable technique to conserve P. vulgaris seeds and regenerate true-to-type plants.展开更多
采用增强UV-B辐射矮牵牛,研究增强UV-B辐射下矮牵牛发生变异的生理生化机制.结果表明,变异矮牵牛丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量显著低于对照矮牵牛(P<0.01),而黄酮类化合物含量显著高于对照矮牵牛(P<0.01),高效液相色谱图的最...采用增强UV-B辐射矮牵牛,研究增强UV-B辐射下矮牵牛发生变异的生理生化机制.结果表明,变异矮牵牛丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量显著低于对照矮牵牛(P<0.01),而黄酮类化合物含量显著高于对照矮牵牛(P<0.01),高效液相色谱图的最高主峰保留时间分别为11.818min(对照矮牵牛)和13.783min(变异矮牵牛).同时应用随机扩增多态性DNA(Random amplifi ed polymorphic DNA,RAPD)技术对矮牵牛进行检测分析,发现引物在对照矮牵牛及变异矮牵牛之间扩增出差异性多态条带,表明增强UV-B辐照引起矮牵牛基因组DNA发生变异.展开更多
The Food and Agriculture Organization has highlighted pineapple as one of the most important tropical fruits. Since classical pineapple breeding is difficult, biotechnology has emerged as an attractive instrument. We ...The Food and Agriculture Organization has highlighted pineapple as one of the most important tropical fruits. Since classical pineapple breeding is difficult, biotechnology has emerged as an attractive instrument. We obtained two new pineapple somaclonal variants derived from in vitro culture of cv. Red Spanish Pinar: P3R5 and Dwarf. The AFLP analysis revealed an existing genetic distance. So far 44 phenotype indicators selected due to their relation to a wide range of important agricultural, morphological and physiological processes have been evaluated. P3R5 differed from the donor in 19 variables (19/44;43.18%), while Dwarf varied in 31 indicators (31/44;70.45%). The number of shoots was significantly different among the three plant materials. Dwarf showed two shoots per plant while P3R5 and the donor did not form any shoots. We also observed that water use efficiency, chlorophyll b concentration, total chlorophyll concentration, transpiration rate, chlorophyll a concentration, thickness of leaf photosynthetic parenchyma, fruit mass with crown, content of free phenolics and superoxide dismutase specific activity were also very different among the three plant materials. The Euclidean distances of each somaclonal variant to the donor plant material taking into consideration the genotype (AFLP) and the phenotype evaluations were also calculated. Regarding the genotype information, P3R5 is separated from cv. Red Spanish Pinar by 2.83 units of Euclidean distance, and Dwarf by 3.00 units. However, the phenotype indicators revealed higher differences: 3.74 in P3R5 and 4.71 in Dwarf. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a comprehensive analysis of pineapple somaclonal variants.展开更多
文摘【目的】为选育梨(Pyrus communis L.)突破性品种提供新种质。【方法】以二倍体梨品种‘丰产’及其衍生的系列多倍体无性系为研究试材,对其在试管内及移出试管外在田间生长的自根苗植株的表型变异进行了观测。【结果】多倍体植株比二倍体茎粗、节间短;四倍体的叶色比二倍体深,厚度比二倍体大;多倍体和二倍体的叶形指数差异显著,叶缘差异明显。不同倍性无性系的叶缘变异表现多样性,有全缘变异,也有锐锯齿变异。试管繁殖条件下,混倍体叶片形状不一,有大量畸形叶片产生,而二倍体、三倍体和四倍体很少观察到畸形叶片产生。移栽入田间生长后,相对于二倍体,多倍体植株的株高显著变矮、节间长显著变短、地面以上30 cm处的树干直径显著变小。混倍体对自然环境条件适应性差,没有获得在试管外正常生长的植株。【结论】相同环境条件下,梨体细胞染色体加倍衍生的多倍体植株,比二倍体对照生长慢,且株高明显矮于二倍体。
文摘The objective of this work was to evaluate if cryostorage of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds induced variations in regenerated plants at the phenotypic and molecular levels. A series of agricultural traits was measured on plants grown from control, non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved seeds, and the genetic stability of plants of the second generation was analysed at selected microsatellite loci. The phenotype of the second generation plants was evaluated as well. No statistically significant phenotypic differences were observed for the parameters measured, neither in the first nor in the second generations. Averaging both treatments, about 76% of the seeds had germinated 10 days after sowing. At harvest we recorded plants with about 73 cm in height, 13 stem internodes, 25 fruits, 103 grains and 4 grains per fruit. One hundred seeds weighted about 26 g. The genetic analyses performed on the second generation plants using six nuclear Simple Sequences Repeats (SSR) markers revealed no changes in microsatellite length between control and cryopreserved samples, implying that there was no effect of seed liquid nitrogen exposure on genome integrity. The phenotypic and molecular results reported here confirm that cryostorage is an efficient and reliable technique to conserve P. vulgaris seeds and regenerate true-to-type plants.
文摘采用增强UV-B辐射矮牵牛,研究增强UV-B辐射下矮牵牛发生变异的生理生化机制.结果表明,变异矮牵牛丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量显著低于对照矮牵牛(P<0.01),而黄酮类化合物含量显著高于对照矮牵牛(P<0.01),高效液相色谱图的最高主峰保留时间分别为11.818min(对照矮牵牛)和13.783min(变异矮牵牛).同时应用随机扩增多态性DNA(Random amplifi ed polymorphic DNA,RAPD)技术对矮牵牛进行检测分析,发现引物在对照矮牵牛及变异矮牵牛之间扩增出差异性多态条带,表明增强UV-B辐照引起矮牵牛基因组DNA发生变异.
文摘The Food and Agriculture Organization has highlighted pineapple as one of the most important tropical fruits. Since classical pineapple breeding is difficult, biotechnology has emerged as an attractive instrument. We obtained two new pineapple somaclonal variants derived from in vitro culture of cv. Red Spanish Pinar: P3R5 and Dwarf. The AFLP analysis revealed an existing genetic distance. So far 44 phenotype indicators selected due to their relation to a wide range of important agricultural, morphological and physiological processes have been evaluated. P3R5 differed from the donor in 19 variables (19/44;43.18%), while Dwarf varied in 31 indicators (31/44;70.45%). The number of shoots was significantly different among the three plant materials. Dwarf showed two shoots per plant while P3R5 and the donor did not form any shoots. We also observed that water use efficiency, chlorophyll b concentration, total chlorophyll concentration, transpiration rate, chlorophyll a concentration, thickness of leaf photosynthetic parenchyma, fruit mass with crown, content of free phenolics and superoxide dismutase specific activity were also very different among the three plant materials. The Euclidean distances of each somaclonal variant to the donor plant material taking into consideration the genotype (AFLP) and the phenotype evaluations were also calculated. Regarding the genotype information, P3R5 is separated from cv. Red Spanish Pinar by 2.83 units of Euclidean distance, and Dwarf by 3.00 units. However, the phenotype indicators revealed higher differences: 3.74 in P3R5 and 4.71 in Dwarf. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a comprehensive analysis of pineapple somaclonal variants.
